Rule-based and stimulus-based cues bias auditory decisions via different computational and physiological mechanisms.
Rule-based and stimulus-based cues bias auditory decisions via different computational and physiological mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010601
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Gold, Joshua, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tardiff, Nathan;Suriya-Arunroj, Lalitta;Cohen, Yale E.;Gold, Joshua, I
预期，比如那些源于习得的规则或最近的刺激规则，可能会以不同的方式偏向随后的听觉感知。然而，这些不同的影响是否以及如何取决于预期的来源，目前还不是很清楚。此外，目前尚不清楚不同的偏见来源是否使用相同或不同的计算和生理机制。我们研究了基于规则和基于刺激的期望如何影响执行听觉频率辨别任务的人类受试者的行为和与瞳孔相关的唤醒，这是基于期望的某些处理形式的标志。基于规则的提示始终使选择和反应时间(RTS)偏向更可能的刺激。相比之下，基于刺激的线索具有复杂的组合效应，包括对最近呈现的刺激的频率的选择和反应时偏差。这些不同的行为模式也有：1)不同的计算特征，包括对一种新形式的漂移-扩散决策模型的关键成分的不同调制，以及2)不同的生理特征，包括对基于规则而不是基于刺激的提示做出的基本上依赖于偏见的瞳孔大小调制。这些结果表明，不同的预期来源可以通过不同的机制来调节听觉处理：一种是使用与唤醒相关的、基于规则的信息，另一种是使用与唤醒无关的、基于刺激的信息来偏向听觉知觉决定的速度和准确性。关于即将到来的刺激的先验信息可能会使我们对这些刺激的感知产生偏差。不同的先验信息来源是否以相似或不同的方式对感知产生偏见尚不清楚。我们比较了两种先验信息对音频辨别的影响：基于规则的线索，以关于即将到来的声调最可能的身份的明确信息的形式；以及基于刺激的线索，以要被辨别的声调之前呈现的声调序列的形式。虽然这两种类型的先验信息都偏向于听觉决策，但它们表现出不同的行为、计算和生理特征。我们的结果表明，大脑以特定于形式的方式处理先前的信息，而不是利用通用的先前信息。这种特定形式的加工对理解决策偏差具有暗示意义，在现实世界中，先前的信息来自许多不同的来源和方式。
Expectations, such as those arising from either learned rules or recent stimulus regularities, can bias subsequent auditory perception in diverse ways. However, it is not well understood if and how these diverse effects depend on the source of the expectations. Further, it is unknown whether different sources of bias use the same or different computational and physiological mechanisms. We examined how rule-based and stimulus-based expectations influenced behavior and pupil-linked arousal, a marker of certain forms of expectation-based processing, of human subjects performing an auditory frequency-discrimination task. Rule-based cues consistently biased choices and response times (RTs) toward the more-probable stimulus. In contrast, stimulus-based cues had a complex combination of effects, including choice and RT biases toward and away from the frequency of recently presented stimuli. These different behavioral patterns also had: 1) distinct computational signatures, including different modulations of key components of a novel form of a drift-diffusion decision model and 2) distinct physiological signatures, including substantial bias-dependent modulations of pupil size in response to rule-based but not stimulus-based cues. These results imply that different sources of expectations can modulate auditory processing via distinct mechanisms: one that uses arousal-linked, rule-based information and another that uses arousal-independent, stimulus-based information to bias the speed and accuracy of auditory perceptual decisions. Prior information about upcoming stimuli can bias our perception of those stimuli. Whether different sources of prior information bias perception in similar or distinct ways is not well understood. We compared the influence of two kinds of prior information on tone-frequency discrimination: rule-based cues, in the form of explicit information about the most-likely identity of the upcoming tone; and stimulus-based cues, in the form of sequences of tones presented before the to-be-discriminated tone. Although both types of prior information biased auditory decision-making, they demonstrated distinct behavioral, computational, and physiological signatures. Our results suggest that the brain processes prior information in a form-specific manner rather than utilizing a general-purpose prior. Such form-specific processing has implications for understanding decision biases real-world contexts, in which prior information comes from many different sources and modalities.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Bastos AM;Usrey WM;Adams RA;Mangun GR;Fries P;Friston KJ
通讯作者：
Friston KJ
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Chambers C;Akram S;Adam V;Pelofi C;Sahani M;Shamma S;Pressnitzer D
通讯作者：
Pressnitzer D
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2014868117
发表时间：
2020-12-08
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bastos AM;Lundqvist M;Waite AS;Kopell N;Miller EK
通讯作者：
Miller EK
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Filipowicz, Alexandre L. S.;Glaze, Christopher M.;Gold, Joshua, I
通讯作者：
Gold, Joshua, I
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Doi, Takahiro;Fan, Yunshu;Ding, Long
通讯作者：
Ding, Long