Disagreement & classification in comparative cognitive science

Disagreement & classification in comparative cognitive science
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分歧

DOI:
10.1111/nous.12480
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Noûs
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Boyle A
Boyle A
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Boyle A

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比较认知科学经常涉及问这样的问题:“非人类有C吗?”C是我们认为人类应该拥有的能力这些问题经常会产生无益的分歧,其中一方肯定,另一方否认非人类具有基于相同证据的相关能力。我认为,这些问题可以被有效地理解为关于自然种类的问题:非人类的能力是否属于与我们自己相同的自然种类?以这种方式理解这些问题有几个好处:它保留了这些是值得提出的实质性经验问题的直觉;它有助于我们理解为什么它们如此频繁地引起所描述的那种分歧;它提供了如何诊断和解决它们的线索。
Comparative cognitive science often involves asking questions like ‘Do nonhumans have C?’ where C is a capacity we take humans to have. These questions frequently generate unproductive disagreements, in which one party affirms and the other denies that nonhumans have the relevant capacity on the basis of the same evidence. I argue that these questions can be productively understood as questions about natural kinds: do nonhuman capacities fall into the same natural kinds as our own? Understanding such questions in this way has several advantages: it preserves the intuition that these are substantive empirical questions worth asking; it helps us to understand why they so frequently give rise to disagreements of the kind described; and it provides clues about how to diagnose and resolve them.
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