Opioids, Behavior, and Learning in Mammalian Development

Opioids, Behavior, and Learning in Mammalian Development
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阿片类药物、哺乳动物发育中的行为和学习

DOI:
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发表时间:
1988
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
P. Kehoe
P. Kehoe
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作者:
P. Kehoe

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内源性阿片肽及其结合位点存在于大脑和脊髓、垂体、肾上腺髓质和自主神经系统中的系统中(Akil、Watson、Young、Lewis、Khachaturian 和 Walker,1984;Basbaum 和 Fields,1984;Khachaturian、Lewis、Schafer 和 Watson,1985)。这些系统似乎参与了对内源性和环境需求的生理和行为反应的调节。 Morley(1981)认为,阿片类药物系统及其与压力有关的多种功能的发现扩展了 Cannon 的逃跑或战斗(1929)概念和 Selye 的一般适应理论(1976)。具体来说,阿片类生理学包括热、心脏、呼吸、缩瞳和免疫功能等(参见 Watson、Akil、Khachaturian、Young 和 Lewis,1984 年的综述)。阿片类药物生理学和衍生行为的变化实际上发生在压力或紧急情况下。例如,面对新的经历和压力处理的大鼠表现出体温升高,这是纳洛酮可逆的,并且与β-内啡肽活性增加相关(Blasig、Holit、Bauerle 和 Herz,1978;Clark,1979)。因此,热波动可能反映阿片类药物的制备以满足环境需求。此外,已经发现阿片类药物参与应激诱导的肿瘤生长增强的证据(Lewis、Shovit、Ternor、Nelson、Gale 和 Liebeskind,1983)。
Endogenous opioid peptides and their binding sites reside within systems found in the brain and spinal cord, the pituitary, the adrenal medulla, and the autonomic nervous system (Akil, Watson, Young, Lewis, Khachaturian, and Walker, 1984; Basbaum and Fields, 1984; Khachaturian, Lewis, Schafer, and Watson, 1985). These systems seem to be involved in the modulation of physiological and behavioral responsivity to endogenous and environmental demands. Morley (1981) suggested that the discovery of the opioid systems and their diverse functions concerning stress extends Cannon’s flight-or-fight (1929) concept and Selye’s theory of general adaptation (1976). Specifically, opioid physiology embraces thermal, cardiac, respiratory, miotic, and immune functions, among others (see Watson, Akil, Khachaturian, Young, and Lewis, 1984, for a review). Changes in opioid physiology and in derivative behaviors actually occur during stressful or emergency situations. For example, rats confronted with a novel experience and stressful handling demonstrate increased body temperature, which is naloxone-reversible and is correlated with increased beta-endorphin activity (Blasig, Holit, Bauerle, and Herz, 1978; Clark, 1979). Thermal fluctuations may thus reflect opioid preparation to meet environmental demands. Furthermore, evidence for opioid involvement in stress-induced enhancement of tumor growth has been found (Lewis, Shovit, Ternor, Nelson, Gale and Liebeskind, 1983).
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