Spontaneous Nucleation of Stable Perfluorocarbon Emulsions for Ultrasound Contrast Agents.
Spontaneous Nucleation of Stable Perfluorocarbon Emulsions for Ultrasound Contrast Agents.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03585
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发表时间：
2019-01-09
期刊：
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Pozzo L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li DS;Schneewind S;Bruce M;Khaing Z;O'Donnell M;Pozzo L
相变造影剂正在迅速发展，作为超声成像和治疗中微泡的替代品。这些试剂被合成并以液滴形式输送并局部蒸发以产生图像对比度。它们可以像传统微泡一样使用，但具有减小尺寸和提高稳定性的额外优点。基于液滴的试剂可以合成直径约为 100 nm 的量级，使其成为血管外成像或治疗的理想候选者。然而，它们的合成需要低沸点全氟化碳 (PFC)，以达到 FDA 批准的限值内的活化（即蒸发）阈值。使用低沸点 PFC 的传统方法生产液滴时，最大限度地减少自发蒸发可能具有挑战性。在这项研究中，使用沸点范围为 -37°C 至 56°C 的 PFC 演示了一种利用自发成核来生产 PFC 纳米液滴的新方法。有时称为茴香酒方法，该过程依赖于在添加不良溶剂之前使共溶剂与 PFC 饱和，以降低溶剂质量，迫使液滴自发成核。这种方法可以产生直径从 100 nm 以下到 1 μm 以上的液滴。显示了导致液滴成核的溶剂和 PFC 浓度的三元图。此外，还测量并讨论了不同 PFC 和溶剂条件下的声激活阈值和尺寸分布。最后，在动物模型中使用茴香酒液滴演示了超声对比成像。
Phase-change contrast agents are rapidly developing as an alternative to microbubbles for ultrasound imaging and therapy. These agents are synthesized and delivered as liquid droplets and vaporized locally to produce image contrast. They can be used like conventional microbubbles, but with the added benefit of reduced size and improved stability. Droplet-based agents can be synthesized with diameters on the order of 100 nm, making them an ideal candidate for extravascular imaging or therapy. However, their synthesis requires low boiling point perfluorocarbons (PFCs) to achieve activation (i.e. vaporization) thresholds within FDA approved limits. Minimizing spontaneous vaporization while producing liquid droplets using conventional methods with low boiling point PFCs can be challenging. In this study, a new method to produce PFC nanodroplets using spontaneous nucleation is demonstrated using PFCs with boiling points ranging from −37°C to 56°C. Sometimes referred to as the ouzo method, the process relies on saturating a co-solvent with the PFC before adding a poor solvent to reduce solvent quality, forcing droplets to spontaneously nucleate. This approach can produce droplets ranging from under 100 nm to over 1 μm in diameter. Ternary plots showing solvent and PFC concentrations leading to droplet nucleation are presented. Additionally, acoustic activation thresholds and size distributions with varying PFC and solvent conditions are measured and discussed. Finally, ultrasound contrast imaging is demonstrated using ouzo droplets in an animal model.
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影响因子：
10.8
作者：
Li DS;Yoon SJ;Pelivanov I;Frenz M;O'Donnell M;Pozzo LD
通讯作者：
Pozzo LD
影响因子：
7.9
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Arnal, Bastien;Wei, Chen-Wei;Perez, Camilo;Nguyen, Thu-Mai;Lombardo, Michael;Pelivanov, Ivan;Pozzo, Lilo D;O'Donnell, Matthew
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