Valence band engineering of GaAsBi for low noise avalanche photodiodes.

Valence band engineering of GaAsBi for low noise avalanche photodiodes.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-24966-0
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发表时间:
2021-08-06
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
David JPR
David JPR
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu Y;Yi X;Bailey NJ;Zhou Z;Rockett TBO;Lim LW;Tan CH;Richards RD;David JPR

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雪崩光电二极管(APD)是通过碰撞电离过程放大弱光信号的关键半导体元件,但是该过程的随机性引入了“过量”噪声,限制了实际可实现的有用信噪比(或灵敏度)。APD材料的电子和空穴电离系数(分别为α和β)是这方面的关键参数,需要非常不同的α和β值来最大限度地减少这种过度噪声。在此,对13个互补p-i-n/n-i-p二极管的分析表明,采用Bi ≤ 5.1%的GaAs合金化可显著降低β,而α几乎保持不变,从而使GaAs α/β比增强2至100倍,同时将波长扩展到1.1 µm以上。这种仅β的剧烈变化在任何其他稀合金中都是看不到的,并且归因于Bi诱导的自旋轨道分裂能(Spin-orbit splitting energy)的增加。价带工程以这种方式提供了一个有吸引力的路线,使低噪声半导体APD的发展。雪崩光电二极管是一种光电放大器,它利用碰撞电离来提供增强的灵敏度,但代价是过多的噪声。在这份手稿中,作者证明了砷化镓(GaAs)雪崩光电二极管中的少量铋(Bi)可以显著降低这种多余的噪声。
Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) are key semiconductor components that amplify weak optical signals via the impact ionization process, but this process’ stochastic nature introduces ‘excess’ noise, limiting the useful signal to noise ratio (or sensitivity) that is practically achievable. The APD material’s electron and hole ionization coefficients (α and β respectively) are critical parameters in this regard, with very disparate values of α and β necessary to minimize this excess noise. Here, the analysis of thirteen complementary p-i-n/n-i-p diodes shows that alloying GaAs with ≤ 5.1 % Bi dramatically reduces β while leaving α virtually unchanged—enabling a 2 to 100-fold enhancement of the GaAs α/β ratio while extending the wavelength beyond 1.1 µm. Such a dramatic change in only β is unseen in any other dilute alloy and is attributed to the Bi-induced increase of the spin-orbit splitting energy (∆so). Valence band engineering in this way offers an attractive route to enable low noise semiconductor APDs to be developed. An avalanche photodiode is an opto-electronic amplifier that uses impact ionization to provide enhanced sensitivity at the expense of excess noise. In this manuscript, the authors demonstrate that a small amount of Bismuth (Bi) in Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) avalanche photodiodes significantly reduces this excess noise.
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