Not as docile as it looks? Loxosceles venom variation and loxoscelism in the Mediterranean Basin and the Canary Islands.
Not as docile as it looks? Loxosceles venom variation and loxoscelism in the Mediterranean Basin and the Canary Islands.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.10.005
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发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Binford G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Planas E;Zobel-Thropp PA;Ribera C;Binford G
Loxosceles蜘蛛的医学重要性促进了对其毒液不同方面的广泛研究。大多数已报道的loxoscelism病例发生在美洲，因此，许多工作都集中在北美和南美的Loxosceles物种。有趣的是，地中海盆地的loxoscelism病例很少，尽管L。红蜘蛛是地中海地区特有的蜘蛛，即使在人类改变的地区也是一种丰富的蜘蛛。因此，有人认为L. rufescens的医学相关性可能不如其同类物。在这项研究中，我们挑战这一假设，使用多种方法来研究毒液的变化，在选定的物种和谱系从地中海盆地和加那利群岛。我们发现SMase D活性，Loxosceles毒液的关键生物活性成分，与被证实具有医学相关叮咬的美洲物种相当。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示，不同地区Loxosceles毒蛋白的带型和强度存在一定差异，主要表现在Canarian和L. rufescens谱系。这些物种之间的差异也存在于SicTox基因家族的不同旁系同源物的表达中，加那利物种的多样性较低。总之，我们的研究结果不支持受到挑战的假设，并表明这些物种的毒液可能确实与其他Loxosceles物种一样有效。在确认loxoscelism与Loxosceles叮咬的直接证据与物种鉴定的专业人士，Loxosceles在地中海地区应保守地被认为是医学相关的类群。
The medical importance of Loxosceles spiders has promoted extensive research on different aspects of their venoms. Most of the reported cases of loxoscelism have occurred in the Americas, and thus, much work has focused on North and South American Loxosceles species. Interestingly, loxoscelism cases are rare in the Mediterranean Basin although L. rufescens, endemic to the Mediterranean, is an abundant spider even in human-altered areas. Thus, it has been suggested that the venom of L. rufescens could be of less medical relevance than that of its congeners. In this study, we challenge this hypothesis by using multiple approaches to study venom variation in selected species and lineages from the Mediterranean Basin and the Canary Islands. We found that SMase D activity, the key bioactive component of Loxosceles venom, is comparable to American species that are confirmed to have medically relevant bites. The venom protein composition using SDS-PAGE presents some differences among regional Loxosceles taxa in banding pattern and intensity, mostly between the Canarian and L. rufescens lineages. Differences between these species also exist in the expression of different paralogs of the SicTox gene family, with the Canarian species being less diverse. In conclusion, our results do not support the challenged hypothesis, and suggest that venom of these species may indeed be as potent as other Loxosceles species. Pending confirmation of loxoscelism with direct evidence of Loxosceles bites with species identification by professionals, Loxosceles in the Mediterranean region should conservatively be considered medically relevant taxa.
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DOI：
10.3109/15569529909049325
发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cohen, N;Sarafian, DA;Golik, A
通讯作者：
Golik, A
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Duda, T. F., Jr.;Remigio, E. A.
通讯作者：
Remigio, E. A.
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Batya, B. Davidovici;Dyachenko, Pavel;Halevy, Sima
通讯作者：
Halevy, Sima
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
de Entrambasaguas, Manuel;Plaza-Costa, Andres;Parra, Silvia
通讯作者：
Parra, Silvia
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed A.;Omran, Mohamed Alaa A.;McVean, Alistair
通讯作者：
McVean, Alistair