Microbiota in the stomach and application of probiotics to gastroduodenal diseases.
Microbiota in the stomach and application of probiotics to gastroduodenal diseases.
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DOI：
10.3748/wjg.v28.i47.6702
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发表时间：
2022-12-21
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Koga Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koga Y
胃对大多数微生物来说是一个敌对的环境，因为强胃酸会杀死本地微生物。因此，据报道，在高酸性胃中通过传统培养方法检测到的固有微生物的质量非常小。然而，在由于胃粘膜的萎缩性变化而具有较低酸度的胃中，活的胃微生物群的数量急剧增加并且它们的组成发生变化。益生菌被定义为活的微生物，当以足够的量施用时，其赋予宿主健康益处。迄今为止，益生菌对胃的施用被认为是不切实际的，主要是由于胃中的强酸性。鉴定具有足够的耐酸性和实现紧密接近胃粘膜的能力的候选益生菌菌株可以使益生菌应用于胃。单独使用益生菌对幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染显著改善胃粘膜炎症并降低H. pylori，虽然完全根除H. pylori尚未被证实。益生菌与抗微生物剂联合使用显著增加了H。pylori根除率，尤其是当H.幽门螺杆菌菌株对抗菌药物具有耐药性。而H.幽门螺杆菌被认为是胃癌发生的最重要的致病菌，除幽门螺杆菌外，幽门螺杆菌也被认为是促进胃癌发展的致病病原体，即使在根除H.幽门。增加非H。幽门螺杆菌在胃中的革兰氏阴性菌与弱酸性伴随萎缩性胃炎可能使胃粘膜炎症永久化并加速致癌进展，即使在H.根除幽门益生菌可以恢复胃内环境的酸度，因此可以通过终止革兰氏阴性菌引起的炎症来预防胃癌的发展。功能性消化不良（FD）是指在没有任何器质性、系统性或代谢性疾病的情况下，出现被认为起源于胃十二指肠区域的症状。越来越多的证据表明，十二指肠是FD病理生理学的靶区。一项使用益生菌菌株（LG21）的随机安慰剂对照临床试验证明了对主要FD症状的显着改善作用。这种作用的可能机制之一是通过解决小肠细菌过度生长来保护十二指肠粘膜免受有害肠道细菌的侵害。
The stomach is a hostile environment for most microbes because strong gastric acid kills indigenous microorganisms. Thus, the mass of indigenous microbes detected by traditional culturing method in a highly acidic stomach is reported to be very small. However, in a stomach with less acidity due to atrophic changes of the gastric mucosa, the number of live gastric microbiota dramatically increases and their composition changes. A probiotic is defined as a live microorganism that, when administered in adequate amounts, confers a health benefit on the host. The administration of probiotics to the stomach has thus far been considered impractical, mainly due to the strong acidity in the stomach. The identification of candidate probiotic strains with sufficient resistance to acidity and the ability to achieve close proximity to the gastric mucosa could enable the application of probiotics to the stomach. The utilization of probiotics alone for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection significantly improves gastric mucosal inflammation and decreases the density of H. pylori on the mucosa, although complete eradication of H. pylori has not yet been demonstrated. The use of probiotics in combination with antimicrobial agents significantly increases the H. pylori eradication rate, especially when the H. pylori strains are resistant to antimicrobial agents. While H. pylori has been considered the most important pathogenic bacterium for the development of gastric cancer, bacteria other than H. pylori are also suggested to be causative pathogens that promote the development of gastric cancer, even after the eradication of H. pylori. Increased non-H. pylori Gram-negative bacteria in the stomach with weak acidity accompanying atrophic gastritis may perpetuate gastric mucosal inflammation and accelerate carcinogenic progression, even after H. pylori eradication. Probiotics restore the acidity in this stomach environment and may therefore prevent the development of gastric cancer by termination of Gram-negative bacteria-induced inflammation. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is defined as the presence of symptoms that are thought to originate in the gastroduodenal region in the absence of any organic, systematic or metabolic diseases. Accumulating evidence has pointed out the duodenum as a target region underlying the pathophysiology of FD. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using a probiotic strain (LG21) demonstrated a significant improving effect on major FD symptoms. One of the possible mechanisms of this effect is protection of the duodenal mucosa from injurious intestinal bacteria through the resolution of small intestinal bacterial over growth.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Igarashi M;Nakae H;Matsuoka T;Takahashi S;Hisada T;Tomita J;Koga Y
通讯作者：
Koga Y
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Blum, AL;Talley, NJ;Junghard, O
通讯作者：
Junghard, O
DOI：
10.3390/ph7070754
发表时间：
2014-06-25
期刊：
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Igarashi M;Nagano J;Tsuda A;Suzuki T;Koike J;Uchida T;Matsushima M;Mine T;Koga Y
通讯作者：
Koga Y
影响因子：
24.5
作者：
Ferreira RM;Pereira-Marques J;Pinto-Ribeiro I;Costa JL;Carneiro F;Machado JC;Figueiredo C
通讯作者：
Figueiredo C
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0506655103
发表时间：
2006-01-17
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bik, EM;Eckburg, PB;Relman, DA
通讯作者：
Relman, DA