Gender differences in fetal growth of newborns exposed prenatally to airborne fine particulate matter.
Gender differences in fetal growth of newborns exposed prenatally to airborne fine particulate matter.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2009.01.009
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发表时间：
2009-05
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Skolicki, Zbigniew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jedrychowski, Wieslaw;Perera, Frederica;Mrozek-Budzyn, Dorota;Mroz, Elzbieta;Flak, Elzbieta;Spengler, Jack D.;Edwards, Susan;Jacek, Ryszard;Kaim, Irena;Skolicki, Zbigniew
我们的主要目的是评估产前暴露于细颗粒物的新生儿性别特异性胎儿生长减少。只有年龄在18 - 35岁、声称不吸烟、单胎怀孕、未使用非法药物和感染艾滋病毒、无慢性病的妇女才有资格参加这项研究。共有481名在妊娠37至43周之间分娩的入组孕妇被纳入研究。使用个人监测器测量妊娠中期48小时以上的产前个人细颗粒暴露。为了评估PM2.5水平之间的关系，在48小时内测量的怀孕中期与那些在第一和第三个三个月，在每个三个月进行了一系列的重复测量随机子样本的85名孕妇。我们通过多变量回归模型评估了PM2.5暴露对出生结局（出生时体重、身长和头围）的影响，控制了潜在的混杂因素（母亲教育程度、胎龄、产次、母亲身高和孕前体重、婴儿性别、产前环境烟草烟雾和出生季节）。出生结局与胎龄、产次、孕妇身高和孕前体重呈正相关，与产前PM2.5暴露水平呈负相关。妊娠期产前暴露于细颗粒物的总体平均增加约30 μ g/m3，即，从第25百分位数（23.4 μ g/m3）到第75百分位数（53.1 μ g/m3），平均出生体重不足97.2 g（95% CI：-201，6.6），出生身长为0.7 cm（95% CI：-1.36，-0.04）。相应的接触导致男性新生儿出生体重不足189 g（95% CI：− 34.2，− 343），而女性新生儿出生体重不足17 g;男婴出生时身长不足1.1 cm（95% CI：− 0.11，− 2.04）。我们发现一个显着的自我报告的ETS和PM2.5之间的相互关系，但是，没有一个模型显示出这两个变量的显着交互作用。不同水平的PM2.5和ETS对出生结局的联合作用显示，仅在PM2.5组分较高的暴露类别中存在显着不足。总之，研究结果表明，出生结果中观察到的缺陷可归因于产前PM2.5暴露，而不是环境烟草烟雾。该研究还提供了证据表明，男性胎儿对产前PM2.5暴露更敏感，这应该说服政策制定者在制定空气污染指南时分别考虑性别的出生结果。
Our primary purpose was to assess sex-specific fetal growth reduction in newborns exposed prenatally to fine particulate matter. Only women 18–35 years of age, who claimed to be non-smokers, with singleton pregnancies, without illicit drug use and HIV infection, free from chronic diseases were eligible for the study. A total of 481 enrolled pregnant women who gave birth between 37 and 43 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Prenatal personal exposure to fine particles over 48 h during the second trimester was measured using personal monitors. To evaluate the relationship between the level of PM2.5 measured over 48 h in the second trimester of pregnancy with those in the first and the third trimesters, a series of repeated measurements in each trimester was carried out in a random subsample of 85 pregnant women. We assessed the effect of PM2.5 exposure on the birth outcomes (weight, length and head circumference at birth) by multivariable regression models, controlling for potential confounders (maternal education, gestational age, parity, maternal height and prepregnancy weight, sex of infant, prenatal environmental tobacco smoke, and season of birth). Birth outcomes were associated positively with gestational age, parity, maternal height and prepregnancy weight, but negatively with the level of prenatal PM2.5 exposure. Overall average increase in gestational period of prenatal exposure to fine particles by about 30 μg/m3, i.e., from 25th percentile (23.4 μg/m3) to 75th percentile (53.1 μg/m3) brought about an average birth weight deficit of 97.2 g (95% CI: −201, 6.6) and length at birth of 0.7cm (95% CI: −1.36, −0.04). The corresponding exposure lead to birth weight deficit in male newborns of 189 g (95% CI: −34.2, −343) in comparison to 17 g in female newborns; the deficit of length at birth in male infants amounted to 1.1 cm (95% CI: −0.11, −2.04). We found a significant interrelationship between self-reported ETS and PM2.5, however, none of the models showed a significant interaction of both variables. The joint effect of various levels of PM2.5 and ETS on birth outcomes showed the significant deficit only for the categories of exposure with higher component of PM2.5. Concluding, the results of the study suggest that observed deficits in birth outcomes are rather attributable to prenatal PM2.5 exposure and not to environmental tobacco smoke. The study also provided evidence that male fetuses are more sensitive to prenatal PM2.5 exposure and this should persuade policy makers to consider birth outcomes by gender separately while setting air pollution guidelines.
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DOI：
10.1080/07315724.2004.10719428
发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Barker, DJP
通讯作者：
Barker, DJP
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Jedrychowski, Wieslaw;Bendkowska, Ivona;Flak, Elzbieta;Penar, Agnieszka;Jacek, Ryszard;Kaim, Irena;Spengler, John D;Camann, David;Perera, Frederica P
通讯作者：
Perera, Frederica P
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Anderson, HR;Bremner, SA;Walters, S
通讯作者：
Walters, S
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Choi, Hyunok;Jedrychowski, Wieslaw;Spengler, John;Camann, David E;Whyatt, Robin M;Rauh, Virginia;Tsai, Wei-Yann;Perera, Frederica P
通讯作者：
Perera, Frederica P
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
BELLINGER, D;LEVITON, A;RABINOWITZ, M
通讯作者：
RABINOWITZ, M