Airway inflammatory and antioxidant responses to oxidative and particulate air pollutants − experimental exposure studies in humans
Airway inflammatory and antioxidant responses to oxidative and particulate air pollutants − experimental exposure studies in humans
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对氧化和颗粒空气污染物的气道炎症和抗氧化反应——人体实验暴露研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
A. Blomberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Blomberg
近年来，研究表明，二氧化氮(NO2)、臭氧(O3)和柴油废气等空气污染物会增加健康受试者以及哮喘、过敏症和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的呼吸道症状。有证据表明，在许多西方国家，哮喘和过敏等呼吸道疾病的患病率和发病率都在增加[1]。目前的证据还表明，哮喘患者对空气污染物的影响更敏感[1±3]。与环境空气相比，室内空气中的NO2浓度往往高得多，因此在特别的工业环境中是首要的，而臭氧在夏季主要是室外问题。柴油机尾气是颗粒物污染的重要来源之一。这些污染物此前已被证明会在̄中诱导人类呼吸道的炎症性变化，但一直缺乏更详细的信息。人们对它们在肺组织本身中的影响以及肺上皮细胞衬里抗氧化剂(ELF̄uid，ELF)在防御其氧化特性中的重要性知之甚少。没有明确的安全阈值水平的证据，许多研究观察到，对健康的影响随着污染水平的增加而增加，通常与剂量±反应关系接近[4]。此外，已经表明，区域采样数据在调查污染暴露的生物效应方面的价值可能有限。个人采样产生的值平均比相应的区域集中度测量值高2到10倍[5]。因此，在确定不同浓度的空气污染物对健康的影响时，个人暴露评估可能是至关重要的。仅靠流行病学研究不能充分了解暴露在环境或工作场所浓度的空气污染物对人类健康造成不利影响的机制。虽然使用支气管镜和支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)的实验性暴露研究有一定的局限性，但它们为评估空气污染物对人体的呼吸道影响提供了机会，并需要获得有助于了解空气污染物毒性机制的基本信息。在这篇综述中，将讨论在̄中对这些空气污染物的呼吸道炎症和抗氧化反应，以及在̄中导致空气污染物诱导的呼吸道的可能机制。
In recent years, it has been shown that air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and diesel exhaust increase airway symptoms in healthy subjects as well as in individuals with asthma, allergy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is evidence that airway diseases such as asthma and allergy are increasing in terms of both prevalence and incidence in many western countries [1]. Current evidence also suggests that asthmatics are more sensitive to the effects of air pollutants [1±3]. Concentrations of NO2 are often much higher in indoor air compared with ambient air and are thus of primary importance in particular industrial environments, while ozone is mainly an outdoor problem during the summer. Diesel exhaust is one of the most important sources of particulate matter pollution. These pollutants have previously been shown to induce in ̄ammatory changes in the human airways, but more detailed information has been lacking. Very little is known about their effects in the lung tissue per se and the importance of lung epithelial lining ̄uid (ELF) antioxidants in the defence against their oxidative properties. There is no clear evidence of a safe threshold level and many studies observe that health effects increase with pollution levels, often with a near dose±response relationship [4]. Furthermore, it has been shown that area sampling data may be of limited value in the investigation of the biological effects of exposure to pollution. Personal sampling produces two to 10 times higher values on average than corresponding measurements of area concentration [5]. As a result, personal exposure assessments may be crucial in determining the health effects attributable to different concentrations of air pollutants. Epidemiological studies alone cannot provide an adequate insight into the mechanisms responsible for the adverse human health effects of exposure to ambient or workroom concentrations of air pollutants. Although experimental exposure studies using bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have certain limitations, they have given the opportunity to assess the airway effects of air pollutants in man and are needed to obtain basic information which may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of the toxicity of air pollutants. In this review, studies addressing the in ̄ammatory and antioxidant responses in the airways to these air pollutants will be discussed along with proposed mechanisms contributing to air pollutant-induced airway in ̄ammation.
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影响因子：
14.2
作者：
DiazSanchez, D;Tsien, A;Saxon, A
通讯作者：
Saxon, A
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
SELTZER, J;BIGBY, BG;BOUSHEY, HA
通讯作者：
BOUSHEY, HA
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
FRAMPTON, MW;SMEGLIN, AM;UTELL, MJ
通讯作者：
UTELL, MJ
二氧化氮暴露对人类支气管肺泡灌洗蛋白的影响。
DOI：
10.1165/ajrcmb/1.6.499
发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Frampton,MW;Finkelstein,JN;RobertsJr,NJ;Smeglin,AM;Morrow,PE;Utell,MJ
通讯作者：
Utell,MJ
DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm/147.6_pt_1.1461
发表时间：
1993-06
期刊：
The American review of respiratory disease
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lewis J. Smith;Michael Houston;James C. Anderson
通讯作者：
Lewis J. Smith;Michael Houston;James C. Anderson