Development and evolution of the pharyngeal apparatus.
Development and evolution of the pharyngeal apparatus.
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DOI：
10.1002/wdev.147
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发表时间：
2014-11
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Trainor, Paul A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frisdal, Aude;Trainor, Paul A.
口腔或咽部器官有助于呼吸和进食的双重功能。它在胚胎发育过程中由称为咽弓的瞬时结构发育而来，咽弓由头部外侧反复生长的一系列突起组成。从文昌鱼等无脊椎动物到鸟类、鳞类和哺乳动物等脊椎动物，在整个进化过程中，咽弓及其节段排列高度保守。咽弓的结构组织也是高度保守的，涉及三个初级内胚层、中胚层和外胚层胚层的贡献。内胚层对于咽弓的形成和分割特别重要，在组织特异性分化中也起着关键作用。外胚层产生神经脊细胞(NCC)，与不具有NCC的无脊椎动物相比，NCC为脊椎动物的咽弓发育和分化提供了额外的复杂性。总体而言，咽弓形成了头部和颈部的大部分神经血管和肌肉骨骼系统。发育的复杂性使得咽部器官容易受到干扰，从而导致出生缺陷的发生。因此，了解控制咽部复合体发育和进化的信号和机制是很重要的。
The oral or pharyngeal apparatus facilitates the dual functions of respiration and feeding. It develops during embryogenesis from transient structures called pharyngeal arches, which comprise a reiterated series of outgrowths on the lateral side of the head. The pharyngeal arches and their segmental arrangement are highly conserved throughout evolution from invertebrate chordates such as amphioxus, through to vertebrate agnathans including avians, squamates and mammals. The structural organization of the pharyngeal arches is also highly conserved and involves contributions from each of the three primary endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm germ layers. The endoderm is particularly important for pharyngeal arch formation and segmentation and also plays a critical role in tissue specific differentiation. The ectoderm gives rise to neural crest cells (NCC) which provides an additional layer of complexity to pharyngeal arch development and differentiation in vertebrates compared to invertebrate chordates that do not possess NCC. Collectively the pharyngeal arches give rise to much of the neurovasculature and musculoskeletal systems in the head and neck. The complexity of development renders the pharyngeal apparatus prone to perturbation and subsequently the pathogenesis of birth defects. Hence it is important to understand the signals and mechanisms that govern the development and evolution of the pharyngeal complex.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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