Emotional Contexts Influence Toddlers' Prosocial Strategies.
Emotional Contexts Influence Toddlers' Prosocial Strategies.
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DOI：
10.1177/0165025420912007
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tully EC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donohue MR;Williamson RA;Tully EC
亲社会行为是一种高度异质的结构，幼儿使用不同的亲社会行为来回应另一个人不同的情感需求。这项研究探讨了幼儿的亲社会反应是否因两种未充分研究的情绪背景而有所不同——儿童是否造成了受害者的痛苦，以及受害者表达的特定情绪。幼儿（N = 86；Mage = 35 个月）和他们的父母参与了两个不同的事故范例，其中父母分别假装痛苦和悲伤。一半的样本被引导相信他们的违规行为导致了父母的痛苦，而另一半则只是作为旁观者目睹了父母的痛苦。结果表明，幼儿在作为违规者时与作为旁观者时总体上具有同样的亲社会性，并且对悲伤的反应比对疼痛的反应明显更亲社会。幼儿比旁观者更有可能使用作为违规者的感情，作为旁观者比作为违规者寻求信息，以及对痛苦的反应比悲伤更容易使用感情。所有的孩子在应对悲伤时都会比在痛苦时使用更多的帮助，当他们是旁观者时尤其如此。研究结果发现，两种不同的情感背景会影响幼儿用来帮助他人的亲社会行为的数量和类型，从而为幼儿期亲社会行为的复杂性提供了越来越多的证据。
Prosocial behavior is a highly heterogeneous construct, and young children use distinct prosocial actions in response to differing emotional needs of another person. This study examined whether toddlers’ prosocial responses differed in response to two understudied emotional contexts—whether or not children caused a victim’s distress, and the specific emotion expressed by the victim. Toddlers (N = 86; Mage=35 months) and their parent participated in two separate mishap paradigms in which parents feigned pain and sadness, respectively. Half of the sample was led to believe they had transgressed to cause their parent’s distress, whereas the other half simply witnessed parent distress as bystanders. Results indicated that toddlers were overall equally prosocial when they were transgressors compared to when they were bystanders, and significantly more prosocial in response to sadness than pain Toddlers were significantly more likely to use affection as transgressors than bystanders, information seeking as bystanders than transgressors, and affection in response to pain than sadness. All children used greater helping in response to sadness than pain, and this was especially true when they were bystanders. Findings add to mounting evidence of the complexity of prosocial action in early childhood by identifying that two, distinct emotional contexts influence the amount and type of prosocial behaviors that toddlers use to help others.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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