The Kinematic and Kinetic Development of Sprinting and Countermovement Jump Performance in Boys.
The Kinematic and Kinetic Development of Sprinting and Countermovement Jump Performance in Boys.
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DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2020.547075
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Duncan MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wdowski MM;Noon M;Mundy PD;Gittoes MJR;Duncan MJ
摘要本研究的目的是考察8-9岁和11-12岁男孩短跑跑和反动作跳跃的运动学和动力学，以了解运动成绩的发展平台期。18名体育活动男孩（年龄：10.1±1.6），9岁以下（U9）组和12岁以下（U12）组进行15米短跑和反动作跳跃。采用三维运动分析系统（200hz），与四个力平台（1000hz）同步，收集短跑跑和反动作跳跃第一站阶段的运动学和动力学数据。U12组身高（U9: 1.364±0.064 m; U12: 1.548±0.046 mm）显著高于9岁以下组，体重（U9: 30.9±3.5 kg; U12: 43.9±5.0 kg）显著高于9岁以下组，0-5米（U9: 1.31±0.007 s; U12: 1.23±0.009 s）和0-15米（U9: 3.20±0.17 s; U12: 3.01±0.20 s）的冲刺性能优于9岁以下组，跳高（U9: 0.17±0.06 m; U12: 0.24±0.10 m）显著高于9岁以下组。在冲刺的第一个立姿阶段，U12组的垂直速度显著高于U9组（0.22±0.02 BW/s； U12组：0.25±0.03 BW）。U9: 0.07±0.02 BW/s; U12: 0.09±0.03 BW。5)大于U9组。在进行反向跳跃时，U12组的平均偏心力（U9: 407.3±55.0 N; U12: 542.2±65.1 N）和平均同心力（U9: 495.8±41.3 N; U12: 684.0±62.1 N）显著高于U12组。踝关节运动范围（U9: 80.6±17.4°；U12: 64.1±9°）和膝关节最小关节角度（U9:−5.7±3.9°；U12: 0.0±4.4°）的关节运动学在年龄组之间存在显著差异。结论：本研究首次证明了8-9岁至11-12岁体力活动男孩在冲刺跑和反动作跳跃时的地面反作用力和冲动增加，但冲刺跑技术在这一时期尚未发展起来。8-9岁幼儿的反动作跳跃技术仍处于萌芽阶段。实践者需要实现持续的细粒度冲刺运行和CMJ技术会议，以确保随着年龄增长而增加的力量产生能力得到适当的利用。
The aim of the study was to examine the kinematics and kinetics of sprint running and countermovement jump performance between the ages of 8–9, and 11–12 years old boys in order to understand the developmental plateau in performance. 18 physically active boys (Age: 10.1 ± 1.6), in an under 9 years old (U9) and an under 12 years old (U12) group performed 15 m sprints and countermovement jumps. A 3D motion analysis system (200 Hz), synchronized with four force platforms (1,000 Hz), was used to collect kinematic and kinetic data during the first stance phase of the sprint run and the countermovement jump. The U12 group had a significantly greater height (U9: 1.364 ± 0.064 m; U12: 1.548 ± 0.046 mm), larger mass (U9: 30.9 ± 3.5 kg; U12: 43.9 ± 5.0 kg), superior sprint performance over 0–5 m (U9: 1.31 ± 0.007 s; U12: 1.23 ± 0.009 s) and 0–15 m (U9: 3.20 ± 0.17 s; U12: 3.01 ± 0.20 s), and increased jump height (U9: 0.17 ± 0.06 m; U12: 0.24 ± 0.10 m) than the under nine group. During the first stance phase of the sprint the U12 group had a significantly greater vertical (U9: 0.22 ± 0.02 BW/s; U12: 0.25 ± 0.03 BW.s) and horizontal impulse (U9: 0.07 ± 0.02 BW/s; U12: 0.09 ± 0.03 BW.s) than the U9 group. When performing a countermovement jump the U12 group had a significantly greater mean average eccentric force (U9: 407.3 ± 55.0 N; U12: 542.2 ± 65.1 N) and mean average concentric force (U9: 495.8 ± 41.3 N; U12: 684.0 ± 62.1 N). Joint kinematics for the countermovement jump were significantly different between age groups for the ankle range of motion (U9: 80.6 ± 17.4°; U12: 64.1 ± 9°) and knee minimum joint angle (U9: −5.7 ± 3.9°; U12: 0.0 ± 4.4°). Conclusion: The study demonstrates for the first time that the development of physically active boys between the ages of 8–9 to 11–12 years increased the ground reaction forces and impulses during sprint running and countermovement jumps, but that sprint running technique had not developed during this period. Furthermore, countermovement jump technique was still emerging at the age of 8–9 years old. Practitioners need to implement on-going fine-grained sprint running and CMJ technique sessions to ensure that the increased force producing capabilities that come with age are appropriately utilized.
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