The chernobyl accident 20 years on: an assessment of the health consequences and the international response.
The chernobyl accident 20 years on: an assessment of the health consequences and the international response.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9113
复制
发表时间：
2006-09
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Williams D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baverstock K;Williams D
1986年的切尔诺贝利事故引起了广泛的放射性污染和极大的关注。二十年后，世界卫生组织和国际原子能机构就其后果发表了一份总体令人放心的声明。准确评估后果对于当前核电辩论非常重要。我们这项研究的目的是评估切尔诺贝利事故对健康的影响，评估国际社会对事故的反应，并考虑如何改进对未来事故的反应。迄今为止，碘放射性同位素对甲状腺的辐射已导致数千例甲状腺癌，但死亡人数很少。接触过的儿童最容易受影响。对甲状腺癌的关注转移了人们对可能的非甲状腺效应的注意力，例如潜在重要的微型卫星不稳定性。国际社会对这起事故的反应不充分且不协调，而且令人毫无理由地放心。鉴于剂量的不确定性、当前关于辐射行动的争论以及原子弹暴露的后期后果的教训，目前不可能准确评估切尔诺贝利未来的健康影响。由于切尔诺贝利事故的剂量和后果存在不确定性，因此有必要扩大对其影响的调查并长期支持。由于国际社会对切尔诺贝利事故的反应存在问题，联合国应对有关机构的行动和任务进行独立审查，并提出处理未来国际规模事故的建议。这些应该包括独立科学家并确保合作而不是竞争。
The Chernobyl accident in 1986 caused widespread radioactive contamination and enormous concern. Twenty years later, the World Health Organization and the International Atomic Energy Authority issued a generally reassuring statement about the consequences. Accurate assessment of the consequences is important to the current debate on nuclear power. Our objectives in this study were to evaluate the health impact of the Chernobyl accident, assess the international response to the accident, and consider how to improve responses to future accidents. So far, radiation to the thyroid from radioisotopes of iodine has caused several thousand cases of thyroid cancer but very few deaths; exposed children were most susceptible. The focus on thyroid cancer has diverted attention from possible nonthyroid effects, such as mini-satellite instability, which is potentially important. The international response to the accident was inadequate and uncoordinated, and has been unjustifiably reassuring. Accurate assessment of Chernobyl’s future health effects is not currently possible in the light of dose uncertainties, current debates over radiation actions, and the lessons from the late consequences of atomic bomb exposure. Because of the uncertainties over the dose from and the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, it is essential that investigations of its effects should be broadened and supported for the long term. Because of the problems with the international response to Chernobyl, the United Nations should initiate an independent review of the actions and assignments of the agencies concerned, with recommendations for dealing with future international-scale accidents. These should involve independent scientists and ensure cooperation rather than rivalry.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Havenaar, J;Rumyantzeva, G;Savelkoul, J
通讯作者：
Savelkoul, J
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Cardis, E;Kesminiene, A;Williams, D
通讯作者：
Williams, D
DOI：
10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00100-7
发表时间：
2000-11-06
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Baverstock, K
通讯作者：
Baverstock, K
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Dubrova, YE;Nesterov, VN;Jeffreys, AJ
通讯作者：
Jeffreys, AJ
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Dubrova, YE;Bersimbaev, RI;Salomaa, S
通讯作者：
Salomaa, S