A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963-2008.
A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963-2008.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jfms.2008.09.008
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发表时间：
2009-04
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Pedersen NC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pedersen NC
霍尔兹沃思于1963年1月在波士顿的安吉尔纪念动物医院和一场关于这种疾病的临床病理会议上发表了文章。这种疾病被认为是传染性的，但当时没有确定具体的病因。Wolfe和Griesemer首先提出FIP是由病毒引起的。Zook等4在实验感染的猫的组织中观察到病毒颗粒，但无法描述病原体的特征。第五病房认识到组织中FIP病毒（FIPV）与冠状病毒科成员的密切相似性。1972年，Montali和Strandberg 6首次报道FIPV感染可以是肉芽肿（干性、实质）或渗出（湿性、非实质）。FIPV与犬、猪冠状病毒的密切遗传关系由Pedersen等人于1978年首次报道。7完全毒力的FIPV首先在实验感染猫的自体巨噬细胞培养物中体外繁殖8，然后在组织培养中繁殖。9,10在肠环培养的上皮中也有复制。一株FIPV （FIPV- ucd1）首先在连续传代的猫科动物全胎4 （Fcwf-4）细胞中繁殖，当接种到猫体内时显示出毒性。12后来发现Fcwf-4细胞为巨噬细胞型。13 1984年首次报道存在两种血清型，即猫冠状病毒（FCoV）样和犬冠状病毒（CCV）样。14 FIP在20世纪50年代末突然出现，波士顿安吉尔纪念动物医院的长期细致的尸检记录记录了这一点。因此，在此之前，FIP作为一种重要疾病实体的存在是值得怀疑的。早在半个世纪前，就有一篇文章提到一只患有类似FIP疾病的猫（引用自de Groot和Horzinek的Jakob 16），但由于在这之后的几十年里没有类似疾病的报道，因此无法确定这是否是FIP。自20世纪60年代以来，这种疾病的发病率稳步上升，目前它是导致收容所和猫舍的幼猫死亡的主要传染病之一。FIP突然出现的原因尚不清楚，但至少有三种可能的解释。首先，在过去的半个世纪里，冠状病毒可能已经在猫身上形成了物种。值得注意的是，FIP出现在北美猪传染性胃肠炎（TGE）最初描述的十年之内。18 FIP的致病病毒与猪的TGE病毒和CCV密切相关，尽管它们在遗传上仍然是可区分的。19然而，已知这三种病毒之间会发生重组。14,20e22至少有一种CCV毒株可在猫中诱发轻度肠炎，并增强随后的FIPV感染，这表明它与猫冠状病毒特别接近。因此，在这种情况下，CCV可能更有可能是FECV的母体。在冠状病毒的分化进化过程中，转录单位（rna）可以轻松获得或丢失，这有利于重组事件。24
Holzworth in 1963 1 at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston and a clinico-pathologic conference on this disorder was published in the following year. 2 The disease was thought to be infectious but no specific etiologic agent was identified at the time. Wolfe and Griesemer 3 were the first to propose that FIP was caused by a virus. Zook et al 4 observed virus particles in the tissues of experimentally infected cats, but were unable to characterize the agent. Ward 5 recognized the close similarities of FIP virus (FIPV) in tissues to members of the family Coronaviridae. In 1972 Montali and Strandberg 6 were the first to report that FIPV infection could be either granulomatous (dry, parenchymatous) or effusive (wet, non-parenchymatous). The close genetic relationship of FIPV to coronaviruses of dogs and swine was first reported by Pedersen et al in 1978. 7 Fully virulent FIPV was first propagated in vitro in autochthonous macrophage cultures from experimentally infected cats 8 and later in tissue culture. 9, 10 It was also replicated in the epithelium of intestinal ring cultures. 11 A strain of FIPV (FIPV-UCD1) was first propagated in continuously passsaged Felis catus, whole fetus-4 (Fcwf-4) cells and shown to be virulent when inoculated into cats. 12 The Fcwf-4 cells were later found to be of a macrophage type. 13 The existence of two serotypes, feline coronavirus (FCoV)-like and canine coronavirus (CCV)-like, of feline coronaviruses was first reported in 1984. 14The sudden appearance of FIP in the late 1950’s was documented by long-term and meticulous necropsy records at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston. 1, 15 Therefore, its existence as a significant disease entity prior to this time is questionable. A reference to a cat with a disease resembling FIP was published a half century earlier (Jakob 16 as quoted in de Groot and Horzinek 17), but whether this was FIP is uncertain given the absence of reports of a similar condition in the intervening decades. There was a steady increase in the incidence of the disease in the 1960s onward, and it is currently one of the leading infectious causes of death among young cats from shelters and catteries. The reason for the sudden emergence of FIP is not known, but there are at least three possible explanations. First, coronaviruses may have speciated into cats within the last half century. It is noteworthy that FIP appeared within a decade of the initial descriptions of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of pigs in North America. 18 The causative virus of FIP is closely related to the TGE virus of pigs and CCV, 7 although they are still genetically distinguishable. 19 However, recombinants between these three viruses are known to occur. 14, 20e22 At least one strain of CCV can induce mild enteritis in cats and enhance a subsequent infection with FIPV, indicating a special closeness to feline coronaviruses. 23 Therefore, CCV may be a more likely parent of FECV in this scenario. Recombination events are favored by the ease with which transcription units (RNAs) can be gained or lost during the divergent evolution of coronaviruses. 24
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