Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using Direct Liquid Extraction Techniques.
Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using Direct Liquid Extraction Techniques.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04188
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发表时间：
2016-01-05
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Lanekoff I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laskin J;Lanekoff I
质谱成像（MSI）是一种强大的分析技术，能够在复杂样品中进行无标记的空间定位和分子鉴定。1 - 4 MSI的应用范围从法医学5到临床研究6，从了解微生物通讯7，8到组织中的生物分子成像。1，9，10最近，对MSI协议进行了审查。11环境电离技术能够在大气压下直接分析复杂样品，而无需特殊的样品预处理。3，12− 16事实上，在环境电离质谱中，样品处理（例如，萃取，稀释，预浓缩或解吸）发生在分析过程中。这大大加快了分析速度，并消除了样品制备对样品中分子定位的任何可能影响。3，8，12− 14，18− 20 Venter及其同事根据所涉及的样品处理步骤将环境电离技术分为三大类：（1）液体提取技术，其中分析物分子从样品中去除并在电离前提取到溶剂中;（2）能够直接从基底产生游离离子的解吸技术;（3）离子交换技术。（3）解吸技术，其产生随后被电喷雾羽流捕获并电离的较大颗粒。17本综述重点介绍了复杂样品的局部分析和环境成像，使用环境电离方法的一个子集，根据Venter及其同事介绍的分类，该方法被广泛定义为“液体提取技术”。17具体而言，我们包括使用带电液滴轰击、液体提取、物理吸附、化学吸附、机械力、激光烧蚀或激光捕获显微切割从固体或液体样品中解吸分析物分子的技术。将分析物萃取到合适的溶剂中，然后进行软电离，产生对应于完整物质的离子。液体萃取技术的一些关键优点包括操作简便、在其天然环境中分析样品的能力、分析速度以及针对手头问题调整萃取溶剂成分的能力。例如，可以优化溶剂组合物，以从样品中有效提取不同类别的分析物，或者通过反应分析进行定量或在线衍生。在这篇综述中，我们将（1）介绍能够进行局部分析和成像的单个液体提取技术，（2）描述无基质效应的定量MSI实验方法，（3）讨论MSI实验反应分析的优点，以及（4）突出显示选定的应用（2012年至2015年出版），专注于复杂生物和环境样品中分子的成像和空间分析。环境液体萃取技术为快速分析固体和液体基质上的分子提供了独特的机会。17，20，21溶剂组成的显著灵活性是环境液体萃取技术的一个显著特征，使其特别有利于选择性萃取、在线衍生和目标分析物的定量。例如，向提取溶剂中添加适当试剂的能力为使用串联质谱法（MS/MS）选择性修饰特定类别的分子以改善电离或结构表征提供了直接途径。此外，通过向提取溶剂中加入精心选择的已知浓度的内标物来进行定量MSI的能力为以下方面提供了独特的机会：
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical technique that enables label-free spatial localization and identification of molecules in complex samples. 1− 4 MSI applications range from forensics 5 to clinical research 6 and from understanding microbial communication 7, 8 to imaging biomolecules in tissues. 1, 9, 10 Recently, MSI protocols have been reviewed. 11 Ambient ionization techniques enable direct analysis of complex samples under atmospheric pressure without special sample pretreatment. 3, 12− 16 In fact, in ambient ionization mass spectrometry, sample processing (eg, extraction, dilution, preconcentration, or desorption) occurs during the analysis. 17 This substantially speeds up analysis and eliminates any possible effects of sample preparation on the localization of molecules in the sample. 3, 8, 12− 14, 18− 20 Venter and co-workers have classified ambient ionization techniques into three major categories based on the sample processing steps involved:(1) liquid extraction techniques, in which analyte molecules are removed from the sample and extracted into a solvent prior to ionization;(2) desorption techniques capable of generating free ions directly from substrates;(3) desorption techniques that produce larger particles subsequently captured by an electrospray plume and ionized. 17 This Review focuses on localized analysis and ambient imaging of complex samples using a subset of ambient ionization methods broadly defined as “liquid extraction techniques” based on the classification introduced by Venter and co-workers. 17 Specifically, we include techniques where analyte molecules are desorbed from solid or liquid samples using charged droplet bombardment, liquid extraction, physisorption, chemisorption, mechanical force, laser ablation, or laser capture microdissection. Analyte extraction into a suitable solvent is followed by soft ionization that generates ions corresponding to intact species. Some of the key advantages of liquid extraction techniques include the ease of operation, ability to analyze samples in their native environments, speed of analysis, and ability to tune the extraction solvent composition to a problem at hand. For example, solvent composition may be optimized for efficient extraction of different classes of analytes from the sample or for quantification or online derivatization through reactive analysis. In this Review, we will (1) introduce individual liquid extraction techniques capable of localized analysis and imaging,(2) describe approaches for quantitative MSI experiments free of matrix effects,(3) discuss advantages of reactive analysis for MSI experiments, and (4) highlight selected applications (published between 2012 and 2015) that focus on imaging and spatial profiling of molecules in complex biological and environmental samples. Ambient liquid extraction techniques provide unique opportunities for rapid analysis of molecules on solid and liquid substrates. 17, 20, 21 The remarkable flexibility in solvent composition is a distinguishing feature of ambient liquid extraction techniques, making them particularly advantageous for selective extraction, online derivatization, and quantification of analytes of interest. For example, the ability to add appropriate reagents to an extraction solvent provides a straightforward pathway for selective modification of specific classes of molecules for improved ionization or structural characterization using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In addition, the ability to perform quantitative MSI, by adding carefully selected internal standards of known concentration to the extraction solvent, opens up unique opportunities for
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影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Angolini, Celio Fernando F.;Vendramini, Pedro Henrique;de Oliveira, Luciana Gonzaga
通讯作者：
de Oliveira, Luciana Gonzaga
影响因子：
2
作者：
Asano, KG;Ford, MJ;Van Berkel, GJ
通讯作者：
Van Berkel, GJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1408129111
发表时间：
2014-10-21
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Calligaris, David;Caragacianu, Diana;Agar, Nathalie Y. R.
通讯作者：
Agar, Nathalie Y. R.
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Bennett, Rachel V.;Cleaves, H. James, II;Fernandez, Facundo M.
通讯作者：
Fernandez, Facundo M.
影响因子：
48
作者：
Cornett, Dale S.;Reyzer, Michelle L.;Caprioli, Richard M.
通讯作者：
Caprioli, Richard M.