Diagnostic electron microscopy is still a timely and rewarding method.
Diagnostic electron microscopy is still a timely and rewarding method.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1386-6532(99)00027-x
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发表时间：
1999-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gelderblom HR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biel SS;Gelderblom HR
背景：与20世纪30年代开始的技术发展平行，电子显微镜(EM)成为基础和临床病毒学的重要工具。它最初用于天花的快速诊断，在20世纪60年代初发展成为一种使用负染技术的诊断程序。EM被应用于受感染的细胞培养以及包括尿液、粪便、水泡液、白酒在内的“脏”标本。随着分子生物学和基因技术的实施，诊断EM的使用减少了。目的：(1)讨论诊断性EM的过去和现在，展望未来的适应症和可能的用途；(2)描述我室1994年建立的EM病毒诊断室间质量评价体系(EQA-EMV)及其成果。研究设计：运行EQA-EMV以评估、确认和提高诊断EM的质量。两种不同类型的标本被送出：(1)准备网格以评估和培训参与者的诊断技能，(2)稳定的病毒颗粒悬液以评估制备效率。结果：诊断性EM与其他诊断试验的不同之处在于它的快速性和非直接的“开放视野”。为了强调这些优点，讨论了诊断EM的适应症，这是未来继续适应的基础。除了适当的技术外，还需要质量控制措施来达到并保持较高的诊断标准。给出了EQA-EMV 6年来的结果。结论：在病毒学诊断EM的历史上，已经看到了使用的变化。从20世纪90年代开始，随着“现代”诊断技术的广泛引入，EM诊断实验室的数量已经大幅减少--尽管这种技术具有明显的优势。为了保证诊断EM在未来的持续性能，必须像诊断武器中的其他技术一样执行EQA运行。越来越多的参与者和参与国表明了对这一计划的兴趣和需求。
Background: Parallel to its technical development starting in the 1930s, electron microscopy (EM) became an important tool in basic and clinical virology. First utilized in the rapid diagnosis of smallpox, it developed to a diagnostic routine in the early 1960s using the negative staining technique. EM was applied to infected cell-cultures and also to ‘dirty’ specimens including urine, feces, vesicle fluid, liquor. With the implementation of molecular biological and genetic techniques, the use of diagnostic EM decreased. Objectives: (1) To give a perspective on future indications and possible uses by discussing the past and the present of diagnostic EM, (2) To describe the system of External Quality Assessment on EM virus diagnosis (EQA-EMV) established in 1994 by our laboratory and its achievements. Study design: EQA-EMV is run to evaluate, to confirm and to improve the quality of diagnostic EM. Two different types of specimen are sent out: (1) prepared grids to assess and train the diagnostic skills of the participants, (2) stabilized virus particle suspensions to assess preparation efficiency. Results: Diagnostic EM differs from other diagnostic tests in its rapidity and its undirected ‘open view’. To emphasize these advantages, the indications for diagnostic EM are discussed, fundamental for a continuing future adaptation. Besides appropriate techniques, quality control measures are required to achieve and keep high diagnostic standards. The results from 6 years of EQA-EMV are presented. Conclusions: In the history of diagnostic EM in virology, a change in use has been seen. Starting in the 1990s and coincident with the broad introduction of ‘modern’ diagnostic techniques, the number of EM diagnostic labs has decreased considerably—in spite of the obvious advantages of this technique. To guarantee the continuing performance of diagnostic EM in the future, EQA runs have to be performed as with other techniques in the diagnostic armament. The growing number of participants and participating countries indicates an interest in as well as a need for this program.
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影响因子：
168.9
作者：
BISHOP, RF;DAVIDSON, GP
通讯作者：
DAVIDSON, GP
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1994.51.102
发表时间：
1994-07-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
ELLIOTT, LH;KSIAZEK, TG;PETERS, CJ
通讯作者：
PETERS, CJ
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Caul, EO
通讯作者：
Caul, EO
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
FEINSTONE, SM;KAPIKIAN, AZ;PURCELL, RH
通讯作者：
PURCELL, RH
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
CAUL, EO;APPLETON, H
通讯作者：
APPLETON, H