The pathogenicity and virulence of Toxoplasma gondii.

The pathogenicity and virulence of Toxoplasma gondii.
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DOI:
10.1080/21505594.2021.2012346
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发表时间:
2021-12
期刊:
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Besteiro S
Besteiro S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sanchez SG;Besteiro S

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刚地弓形虫是一种寄生原生生物,广泛感染从鸟类到人类的温血动物。虽然这种感染在健康个体中通常是无症状的,但它也可能导致免疫功能低下个体或发育中的胎儿出现严重的眼部或神经系统后果。这种专性细胞内寄生虫有能力感染相当大范围的有核细胞,并能在中间宿主中繁殖。然而,在免疫系统的压力下,它转变成一种主要存在于大脑和肌肉组织中的囊状持久形式。被包裹的寄生虫对目前的药物有抗药性,可能会重新激活并引起急性感染。弓形虫病的临床结果取决于宿主免疫反应和寄生虫毒力因素之间的复杂平衡。因此,对该病的易感性是由寄生虫品系和宿主物种共同决定的。最近我们对宿主细胞-寄生虫相互作用和寄生虫毒力的理解取得了新的进展,为弓形虫感染的病理生理学带来了新的见解,在这里进行总结。
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic protist infecting a wide group of warm-blooded animals, ranging from birds to humans. While this infection is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals, it can also lead to severe ocular or neurological outcomes in immunocompromised individuals or in developing fetuses. This obligate intracellular parasite has the ability to infect a considerable range of nucleated cells and can propagate in the intermediate host. Yet, under the pressure of the immune system it transforms into an encysted persistent form residing primarily in the brain and muscle tissues. Encysted parasites, which are resistant to current medication, may reactivate and give rise to an acute infection. The clinical outcome of toxoplasmosis depends on a complex balance between the host immune response and parasite virulence factors. Susceptibility to the disease is thus determined by both parasite strains and host species. Recent advances on our understanding of host cell-parasite interactions and parasite virulence have brought new insights into the pathophysiology of T. gondii infection and are summarized here.
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20020258
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