The DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism and addiction-related phenotypes: a review.

The DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism and addiction-related phenotypes: a review.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.pbb.2009.03.010
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发表时间:
2009-09
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
McGeary, John
McGeary, John
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McGeary, John

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除了关于DRD4 VNTR多态性与ADHD和人格特质相关的大量文献外,还有一个新兴的文献将这种变异与成瘾和成瘾相关表型联系起来。当仅考虑基于诊断的研究时,出现了不一致的图片,引起了人们对这种多态性与成瘾的相关性的怀疑。然而,在检查这种多态性的重要性的多层次分析的使用提出了一个紧迫相关的“中间表型”,使一个发展成瘾的风险,但可能不会发现在所有的人与成瘾诊断的可能性。从细胞分析到神经影像学和行为表型,这些研究强调了“中间表型”方法的力量,并提出了一个可能的解释,当诊断被用作表型时,混合的结果。替代DRD4 VNTR基因型分组策略的优点和缺点进行了讨论。总之,多种方法的证据支持DRD4外显子3 VNTR多态性与成瘾物质冲动之间存在强相关性的可能性。
In addition to the large literatures on associations of the DRD4 VNTR polymorphism with ADHD and personality traits, there is an emerging literature linking this variant to addiction and addiction-related phenotypes. When only diagnosis-based studies are considered, an inconsistent picture emerges raising doubts as to the relevance of this polymorphism to addiction. However the use of multiple levels of analysis in examining the importance of this polymorphism has raised the possibility of an urge-related “intermediate phenotype” that puts one at risk for developing addiction but may not be found in all persons with an addiction diagnosis. From cellular assays through neuroimaging and behavioral phenotypes, these studies highlight the power of the “intermediate phenotype” approach and suggest a possible explanation of the mixed findings when diagnosis is used as the phenotype. Strengths and weaknesses of alternative DRD4 VNTR genotype grouping strategies are discussed. In sum, converging evidence across multiple methodologies supports the possibility of a robust relationship between the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism and urge for addictive substances.
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