Ecological restoration of agricultural land can improve its contribution to economic development.
Ecological restoration of agricultural land can improve its contribution to economic development.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0247850
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bullock JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newton AC;Evans PM;Watson SCL;Ridding LE;Brand S;McCracken M;Gosal AS;Bullock JM
鉴于集约农业对环境的负面影响，迫切需要减少粮食生产对生物多样性的影响。农田的生态恢复可能有助于实现这一目标。虽然生态恢复对生物多样性的积极影响是确定的，但关于对经济发展和就业的影响的证据较少。一些经济活动所依赖的生态系统服务的提供有所增加，通过生态恢复，经济发展的前景可能会得到改善。在这里，我们通过对比英格兰南部多塞特郡的土地使用情景来研究这个问题。将未来农业扩展的两种情景与景观尺度生态恢复和现状两种情景进行了比较。利用不同土地复盖类型的投资模型和代理值，探讨了不同土地复盖类型对多种生态系统服务提供的影响。使用经济投入产出模型考察了对经济就业的影响，该模型使用经验确定的不同经济部门的ES依存值对ES流量的变化进行了调整。使用未经调整的投入产出模型，这些情景只产生了轻微的经济影响(≤0.3%的总增加值)。相反，当投入产出模型被调整以考虑ES流量时，在恢复情景中GVA增长了5.4%，而在农业扩张最大的情景下，GVA下降了4.5%。同样，在恢复后，就业人数增加了6.7%，而在最大限度的农业扩张后，就业人数下降了5.6%。这些结果表明，农村土地的经济贡献远远大于农业生产的经济贡献。通过增加多种E流向依赖于农田的许多经济部门，景观规模的农地恢复可能会增加农田对经济发展和就业的贡献。
Given the negative environmental impacts of intensive agriculture, there is an urgent need to reduce the impact of food production on biodiversity. Ecological restoration of farmland could potentially contribute to this goal. While the positive impacts of ecological restoration on biodiversity are well established, less evidence is available regarding impacts on economic development and employment. Potentially, prospects for economic development could be enhanced by ecological restoration though increased provision of ecosystem services, on which some economic activity depends. Here we examined this issue through the development of contrasting land use scenarios for the county of Dorset, southern England. Two scenarios of future agricultural expansion were compared with two scenarios of landscape-scale ecological restoration and the current situation. Impacts on provision of multiple ecosystem services (ES) were explored using InVEST models and proxy values for different land cover types. Impacts on economic employment were examined using an economic input-output model, which was adjusted for variation in ES flows using empirically determined ES dependency values for different economic sectors. Using the unadjusted input-output model, the scenarios had only a slight economic impact (≤ 0.3% Gross Value Added, GVA). Conversely, when the input-output model was adjusted to take account of ES flows, GVA increased by up to 5.4% in the restoration scenarios, whereas under the scenario with greatest agricultural expansion, GVA was reduced by -4.5%. Similarly, employment increased by up to 6.7% following restoration, compared to declines of up to -5.6% following maximum agricultural expansion. These results show that the economic contribution of rural land is far greater than that attributable to agricultural production alone. Landscape-scale restoration of agricultural land can potentially increase the contribution of farmland to economic development and employment, by increasing flows of multiple ES to the many economic sectors that depend on them.
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