Association between lead and cadmium and reproductive hormones in peripubertal U.S. girls.
Association between lead and cadmium and reproductive hormones in peripubertal U.S. girls.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1001943
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发表时间：
2010-12
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Louis GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gollenberg AL;Hediger ML;Lee PA;Himes JH;Louis GM
铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）是已知的生殖毒物，被认为会在整个敏感的发育窗口破坏激素的产生，尽管以前没有在全国代表性的青春期儿童中进行过研究。我们研究了血铅和尿镉浓度和生殖激素β-胡萝卜素B和黄体生成素（LH）之间的关系，在6-11岁的女孩参加了横截面第三次全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES III）（1988-1994）。铅（微克每分升）测定全血中，镉测定尿中（纳克每毫升）。在705名女孩的残留血清中测定抑制素B（皮克/毫升）和LH（毫国际单位/毫升）。调查logistic回归用于估计基于胆红素B浓度> 35 pg/mL或LH浓度> 0.4 mIU/mL与青春期开始的关联，多项logistic回归用于估计Pb与激素浓度增加类别之间的关联。高铅（≥ 5 μg/dL）与胆红素B > 35 pg/mL呈负相关[比值比（OR）= 0.26; 95%置信区间（CI），0.11-0.60;与铅< 1 μg/dL相比]。在10岁和11岁时，低铅（< 1 μg/dL）女孩的胆红素B显著高于中等铅（1-4.99 μg/dL）或高铅（≥ 5 μg/dL）女孩。在260名女孩的子样本中，当铅、镉水平高于检测水平时，采用调查回归模型，铅、镉水平均较高的女孩的铅、B水平较低（β = −0.52; 95% CI，−0.09至−1.04），而仅高铅女孩（β = −0.35; 95% CI，−0.13至−0.57），相对于低铅和低镉女孩。较高的铅呈负相关的卵泡发育的标志物，和估计的影响暗示青春期延迟出现在较高的镉浓度的背景下，更强的白蛋白B。这些数据强调了铅和镉作为生殖毒物对年轻女孩的重要性。
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are known reproductive toxicants thought to disrupt hormone production throughout sensitive developmental windows, although this has not been previously examined in nationally representative peripubertal children. We examined the association between blood Pb and urinary Cd concentrations and the reproductive hormones inhibin B and luteinizing hormone (LH) in girls 6–11 years of age who participated in the cross-sectional Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988–1994). Pb (micrograms per deciliter) was measured in whole blood, and Cd was measured in urine (nanograms per milliliter). Inhibin B (picograms per milliliter) and LH (milli–International units per milliliter) were measured in residual sera for 705 girls. Survey logistic regression was used to estimate associations with pubertal onset based on inhibin B concentration > 35 pg/mL or LH concentration > 0.4 mIU/mL, and multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between Pb and increasing categories of hormone concentrations. High Pb (≥ 5 μg/dL) was inversely associated with inhibin B > 35 pg/mL [odds ratio (OR) = 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11–0.60; compared with Pb < 1 μg/dL]. At 10 and 11 years of age, girls with low Pb (< 1 μg/dL) had significantly higher inhibin B than did girls with moderate (1–4.99 μg/dL) or high Pb (≥ 5 μg/dL). In the subsample of 260 girls with levels of inhibin B above the level of detection and using survey regression modeling, inhibin B levels were lower among girls with both high Pb and high Cd (β = −0.52; 95% CI, −0.09 to −1.04) than among girls with high Pb alone (β = −0.35; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.57), relative to girls with low Pb and low Cd. Higher Pb was inversely associated with inhibin B, a marker of follicular development, and estimated effects suggestive of pubertal delays appeared to be stronger in the context of higher Cd concentrations. These data underscore the importance of Pb and Cd as reproductive toxicants for young girls.
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