Provision of Air Conditioning and Heat-Related Mortality in Texas Prisons.
Provision of Air Conditioning and Heat-Related Mortality in Texas Prisons.
复制标题
在德克萨斯州监狱中提供空调和与热有关的死亡率。
DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.39849
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发表时间：
2022-11-01
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Zanobetti A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Skarha J;Dominick A;Spangler K;Dosa D;Rich JD;Savitz DA;Zanobetti A
在没有空调的德克萨斯州监狱里，温暖月份的高温是否会增加死亡风险？在这项对德克萨斯州监狱3464例死亡的交叉研究中，没有空调的监狱温度比85华氏度高1度，与每日死亡风险增加0.7%相关。大约，在2001年至2019年间温暖的月份里，德克萨斯州监狱中13%的死亡可能是由于极端炎热的日子。这些发现表明，德克萨斯州监狱的空调政策可能是保护我们最脆弱人群之一健康的重要组成部分。这项病例对照研究分析了在没有空调的德克萨斯州监狱中，温暖月份的高温是否与死亡风险的增加有关。有大量流行病学证据表明，高温与死亡风险增加有关。缓解高温影响的最有效策略之一是通过空调(AC)；德克萨斯州将监狱内部温度控制在65华氏度至85华氏度之间，但这些标准不适用于州立和私人监狱。分析在没有空调的德克萨斯州监狱中，温暖月份的高温是否与死亡风险增加有关。这项交叉病例研究包括2001至2019年间死于德克萨斯州监狱的个人。估计了德克萨斯州监狱中有空调和没有空调的监狱中温暖月份的高温与死亡率的关系。2022年1月至4月进行了数据分析。将每日高温指数提高到85华氏度以上和极端高温天数(监狱所在地高温指数超过90%的天数)。得克萨斯州监狱的每日死亡率。在2001年至2019年的温暖月份里，没有空调和有空调的监狱中分别有2083人和1381人死亡。大多数死者为男性(3464人中3339人[96%])，死亡年龄中位数为54岁(45-62岁)。在没有空调的监狱中，高温指数每升高1度，死亡风险分别增加0.7%(95%可信区间，0.1%~1.3%)和15.1%(95%可信区间，1.3%~30.8%)。大约13%的死亡或271例死亡可能归因于2001年至2019年德克萨斯州监狱设施中没有空调的温暖月份的极端高温。在患有AC的监狱中，观察到死亡风险的负百分比变化，尽管95%CI超过零(死亡风险的百分比变化：−0.6%；95%CI，−1.6%至0.5%)。无AC监狱的估计值与有AC监狱的估计值有统计学差异(P = .05)。这项研究发现，从2001年到2019年，在德克萨斯州没有空调的监狱里，平均每年有14人死于高温，而在有空调的监狱里，没有人死于高温。在德克萨斯州的监狱中采用空调政策对于保护我们最脆弱的人群之一的健康可能是重要的。
Is heat during warm months associated with an increased risk of mortality in Texas prisons without air conditioning? In this case-crossover study of 3464 deaths in Texas prison, a 1-degree increase above 85 °F in prisons without air conditioning was associated with a 0.7% increase in the risk of daily mortality. Approximately, 13% of deaths in Texas prisons during warm months between 2001 and 2019 may be attributable to extreme heat days. These findings suggest that an air conditioning policy for Texas prisons may be an important part of protecting the health of one of our most vulnerable populations. This case-control study analyzes whether heat during warm months is associated with an increased risk of mortality in Texas prisons without air conditioning. There is a large body of epidemiologic evidence that heat is associated with increased risk of mortality. One of the most effective strategies to mitigate the effects of heat is through air conditioning (AC); Texas regulates the internal temperature of jails to stay between 65 and 85 °F degrees, but these same standards do not apply to state and private prisons. To analyze whether heat during warm months is associated with an increased risk of mortality in Texas prisons without AC. This case-crossover study included individuals who died in Texas prisons between 2001 and 2019. The association of heat in warm months with mortality in Texas prisons with and without AC was estimated. Data analysis was conducted from January to April 2022. Increasing daily heat index above 85 °F and extreme heat days (days above the 90th percentile heat index for the prison location). Daily mortality in Texas prisons. There were 2083 and 1381 deaths in prisons without and with AC, respectively, during warm months from 2001 to 2019. Most of the deceased were male (3339 of 3464 [96%]) and the median (IQR) age at death was 54 (45-62) years. A 1-degree increase above 85 °F heat index and an extreme heat day were associated with a 0.7% (95% CI, 0.1%-1.3%) and a 15.1% (95% CI, 1.3%-30.8%) increase in the risk of mortality in prisons without AC, respectively. Approximately 13% of mortality or 271 deaths may be attributable to extreme heat during warm months between 2001 to 2019 in Texas prison facilities without AC. In prisons with AC, a negative percentage change in mortality risk was observed, although the 95% CI crossed zero (percentage change in mortality risk: −0.6%; 95% CI, −1.6% to 0.5%). The estimates in prisons without AC were statistically different than the estimates in prisons with AC (P = .05). This study found an average of 14 deaths per year between 2001 to 2019 were associated with heat in Texas prisons without AC vs no deaths associated with heat in prisons with AC. Adopting an AC policy in Texas prisons may be important for protecting the health of one of our most vulnerable populations.
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影响因子：
20.8
作者：
ADAY, LA
通讯作者：
ADAY, LA
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62114-0
发表时间：
2015-07-25
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gasparrini A;Guo Y;Hashizume M;Lavigne E;Zanobetti A;Schwartz J;Tobias A;Tong S;Rocklöv J;Forsberg B;Leone M;De Sario M;Bell ML;Guo YL;Wu CF;Kan H;Yi SM;de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho M;Saldiva PH;Honda Y;Kim H;Armstrong B
通讯作者：
Armstrong B
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Gasparrini, Antonio
通讯作者：
Gasparrini, Antonio
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Weinberger, Kate R.;Harris, Daniel;Wellenius, Gregory A.
通讯作者：
Wellenius, Gregory A.
DOI：
10.1097/ee9.0000000000000169
发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Tobías A;Hashizume M;Honda Y;Sera F;Ng CFS;Kim Y;Roye D;Chung Y;Dang TN;Kim H;Lee W;Íñiguez C;Vicedo-Cabrera A;Abrutzky R;Guo Y;Tong S;Coelho MSZS;Saldiva PHN;Lavigne E;Correa PM;Ortega NV;Kan H;Osorio S;Kyselý J;Urban A;Orru H;Indermitte E;Jaakkola JJK;Ryti NRI;Pascal M;Huber V;Schneider A;Katsouyanni K;Analitis A;Entezari A;Mayvaneh F;Goodman P;Zeka A;Michelozzi P;de'Donato F;Alahmad B;Diaz MH;De la Cruz Valencia C;Overcenco A;Houthuijs D;Ameling C;Rao S;Di Ruscio F;Carrasco G;Seposo X;Nunes B;Madureira J;Holobaca IH;Scovronick N;Acquaotta F;Forsberg B;Åström C;Ragettli MS;Guo YL;Chen BY;Li S;Colistro V;Zanobetti A;Schwartz J;Dung DV;Armstrong B;Gasparrini A
通讯作者：
Gasparrini A