Genome erosion and evidence for an intracellular niche - exploring the biology of mycoplasmas in Atlantic salmon.
Genome erosion and evidence for an intracellular niche - exploring the biology of mycoplasmas in Atlantic salmon.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736772
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发表时间：
2021-08-30
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Llewellyn MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheaib B;Yang P;Kazlauskaite R;Lindsay E;Heys C;Dwyer T;De Noa M;Schaal P;Sloan W;Ijaz UZ;Llewellyn MS
支原体是地球上最小的自主复制的生命形式。已知该细菌属的成员寄生于包括脊椎动物在内的多种后生动物。虽然许多研究都是针对寄生的哺乳动物支原体，但对它们在其他脊椎动物中的作用知之甚少。在本研究中，我们旨在探索大西洋鲑鱼支原体的生物学特性，包括细胞生态位、基因组大小结构和基因含量。利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术，在养殖大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo Salar)不同发育阶段(卵、PARR、亚成体)的消化道(胃、幽门盲肠和中肠)上皮组织中定位支原体，我们提供了一些所见微生物存在细胞内生态位的证据。通过鸟枪式元基因组测序，从养殖的大西洋鲑鱼亚成体中组装了一个几乎完整的、尽管很小的基因组(~0.57兆字节)。对回收的基因组进行的系统发育分析表明，该基因组在分类学上与其他鲑鱼来源的支原体以及人类病原体穿透支原体(~1.36 Mb)相近。我们注释了编码序列，并确定了核黄素途径编码基因和糖转运蛋白，前者可能与鲑鱼发育中微量营养素的供应一致。我们的研究提供了对大西洋鲑鱼肠道生态系统中支原体的粘膜黏附、细胞生态位和基因目录的见解，表明这种最低限度的细菌对其宿主具有高度的依赖性。支原体在鲑鱼宿主的营养和发育中的作用和功能有待进一步研究。支原体在大西洋鲑鱼胃肠道不同发育阶段的上皮生态区定植。大西洋鲑鱼亚成体的基因组(~0.57MB)几乎完整，尽管很小，这表明基因组减少了。支原体基因组中缺乏可移动基因和毒力因子，可以支持一种非致病的生活方式。支原体的基因组内容表明，宿主的营养供应与水产养殖相关。鸟枪式元基因组学、系统发育学和荧光原位杂交是水产养殖研究中的相关方法。
Mycoplasmas are the smallest autonomously self-replicating life form on the planet. Members of this bacterial genus are known to parasitise a wide array of metazoans including vertebrates. Whilst much research has been significant targeted at parasitic mammalian mycoplasmas, very little is known about their role in other vertebrates. In the current study, we aim to explore the biology of mycoplasmas in Atlantic Salmon, a species of major significance for aquaculture, including cellular niche, genome size structure and gene content. Using fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH), mycoplasmas were targeted in epithelial tissues across the digestive tract (stomach, pyloric caecum and midgut) from different development stages (eggs, parr, subadult) of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and we present evidence for an intracellular niche for some of the microbes visualised. Via shotgun metagenomic sequencing, a nearly complete, albeit small, genome (~0.57 MB) as assembled from a farmed Atlantic salmon subadult. Phylogenetic analysis of the recovered genome revealed taxonomic proximity to other salmon derived mycoplasmas, as well as to the human pathogen Mycoplasma penetrans (~1.36 Mb). We annotated coding sequences and identified riboflavin pathway encoding genes and sugar transporters, the former potentially consistent with micronutrient provisioning in salmonid development. Our study provides insights into mucosal adherence, the cellular niche and gene catalog of Mycoplasma in the gut ecosystem of the Atlantic salmon, suggesting a high dependency of this minimalist bacterium on its host. Further study is required to explore and functional role of Mycoplasma in the nutrition and development of its salmonid host. Mycoplasmas colonize the epithelial niche of the Atlantic salmon GI tract through its different development stages. A nearly complete, albeit small, genome (~0.57 MB) assembled from Atlantic salmon subadult suggests genome reduction. The lack of mobile genes and virulence factors in the mycoplasma genome could support a non-pathogenic lifestyle. Mycoplasma’s genome content suggests role for host nutrient provisioning relevance to aquaculture. Shotgun metagenomics, phylogenetics, and fluorescence in situ hybridization are relevant methods in aquaculture research.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Hallberg, KB;Coupland, K;Johnson, DB
通讯作者：
Johnson, DB
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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影响因子：
14.9
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
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