Identification of psychological features and development of an assessment tool for event-related psychological distress after experiencing non-traumatic stressful events.
Identification of psychological features and development of an assessment tool for event-related psychological distress after experiencing non-traumatic stressful events.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0249126
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Iyo M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seki R;Hashimoto T;Tanaka M;Ishii H;Ogawa M;Sato A;Kimura A;Shiina A;Nakazato M;Iyo M
日常生活中非创伤性的应激性事件(例如，家庭、学校、工作、人际关系和健康相关的问题)经常会引起各种情绪紊乱。对于一些人来说，暴露在非创伤性但有压力的事件中可能会引发情绪障碍的发作和复发。此外，在一般人群和有情绪障碍的个人中，非创伤性应激事件也会引起事件相关心理困扰(ERPD)，类似于创伤后应激障碍(PTSD；即强烈的侵入性想象或记忆回忆、回避和过度唤醒)。然而，以前的ERPD研究只表明，ERPD患者在非创伤经历后表现出创伤后应激障碍样症状；他们仅使用与创伤或创伤后应激障碍相关的评估工具无法找到问题的症结所在。因此，我们的目标是识别个体经历非创伤性应激事件后的ERPD心理现象和特征，并开发和验证合适的ERPD评估工具。首先，通过对22例抑郁症或双相情感障碍患者(平均年龄41.50岁，SD=12.24)的访谈，对其心理特征进行了定性研究。其次，在定量部分，我们利用在定性研究基础上编制的ERPD相关问卷，对747名普通人群(平均年龄=41.96岁，SD=12.64)进行了网络调查，并检验了ERPD评估工具的信度和效度。结果表明，ERPD的心理特征由复仇感、沉思、自我克制和精神瘫痪四个因素构成。这些被用于开发的ERPD--一种新的自我报告评估工具--的24项衡量标准。对于参与精神卫生保健的各种专业人员，该工具可用于澄清和评估ERPD患者的心理现象。
Stressful events in daily life that are non-traumatic (e.g., family-, school-, work-, interpersonal-, and health-related problems) frequently cause various mood disturbances. For some people, being exposed to non-traumatic but stressful events could trigger the onset and relapse of mood disorders. Furthermore, non-traumatic stressful events also cause event-related psychological distress (ERPD), similar to that of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; i.e., intense intrusive imagery or memory recall, avoidance, and hyperarousal) in the general population and individuals with mood disorders. However, previous ERPD studies only showed that people with ERPD display PTSD-like symptoms after non-traumatic experiences; they failed to get to the crux of the matter by only utilizing trauma- or PTSD-related assessment tools. We thus aimed to identify the psychological phenomena and features of ERPD after individuals experienced non-traumatic stressful events, and to develop and validate an appropriate ERPD assessment tool. First, we conducted a qualitative study to obtain the psychological features through interviews with 22 individuals (mean age = 41.50 years old, SD = 12.24) with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Second, in the quantitative component, we implemented a web-based survey with 747 participants of the general population (mean age = 41.96 years old, SD = 12.64) by using ERPD-related questionnaires created based on the qualitative study; then, we examined the reliability and validity of the ERPD assessment tool. Results yielded that the psychological features of ERPD comprised four factors: feelings of revenge, rumination, self-denial, and mental paralysis. These were utilized in the developed 24-item measure of ERPD—a novel self-report assessment tool. For various professionals involved in mental healthcare, this tool can be used to clarify and assess psychological phenomena in people with ERPD.
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