Beta-adrenergic Blockade at Memory Encoding, but Not Retrieval, Decreases the Subjective Sense of Recollection
Beta-adrenergic Blockade at Memory Encoding, but Not Retrieval, Decreases the Subjective Sense of Recollection
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β-肾上腺素能阻断记忆编码（而非检索）会降低主观回忆感
DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_00941
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Phelps E.A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rimmele U;Lackovic S;Russell T;Leventhal B;Phelps E.A.
人类对情绪事件的记忆不仅更好，而且还表现出一种定性的独特回忆体验--即情绪强化了记忆的主观生动性、重温事件的感觉以及对记忆的准确性的信心[菲尔普斯，E.A.和Sharot，T.如何(以及为什么)情绪增强主观记忆的感觉。心理科学的当前方向，17,147-152,2008]。尽管已经证明，β-肾上腺素能系统的激活与应激激素水平和生理唤醒有关，介导了情绪记忆准确性的增强，但主观回忆感觉增强背后的机制尚不清楚。行为证据表明，与情绪事件相关的唤醒增加，无论是编码还是提取，都是他们增加主观回忆意识的基础。采用双盲、安慰剂对照的受试者内设计，我们表明，通过口服80毫克的β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂心得安来减少编码时的唤醒，可以减少24小时后对负面和中性刺激的主观回忆感觉。相反，在记忆提取之前使用心得安并没有改变记忆的主观感觉。这些结果表明，调节主观回忆感的是记忆形成时的神经激素变化，而不是记忆恢复时的神经激素变化。
Humans remember emotional events not only better but also exhibit a qualitatively distinct recollective experience—that is, emotion intensifies the subjective vividness of the memory, the sense of reliving the event, and confidence in the accuracy of the memory [Phelps, E. A., & Sharot, T. How (and why) emotion enhances the subjective sense of recollection.Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17,147–152, 2008]. Although it has been demonstrated that activation of the beta-adrenergic system, linked to increases in stress hormone levels and physiological arousal, mediates enhanced emotional memory accuracy, the mechanism underlying the increased subjective sense of recollection is unknown. Behavioral evidence suggests that increased arousal associated with emotional events, either at encoding or retrieval, underlies their increased subjective sense of recollection. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design, we showed that reducing arousal at encoding through oral intake of 80-mg of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol decreases the subjective sense of recollection for both negative and neutral stimuli 24 hr later. In contrast, administration of propranolol before memory retrieval did not alter the subjective sense of recollection. These results suggest that the neurohormonal changes underlying increased arousal at the time of memory formation, rather than the time of memory retrieval, modulate the subjective sense of recollection.
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