The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss.

The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.abm9982
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发表时间:
2022-11-11
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
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制止生物多样性丧失的有效政策需要了解哪些人为驱动因素是最重要的直接原因。虽然以前的知识在范围和严谨性方面受到限制,但在这里,我们通过广泛的审查,对最近的驱动因素影响进行了统计综合实证比较。我们表明,土地/海洋利用变化是最近全球生物多样性丧失的主要直接驱动力。自然资源的直接开采排在第二位,污染排在第三位;气候变化和外来入侵物种的重要性远远低于前两个驱动因素。直接开发和气候变化占主导地位的海洋具有与陆地和淡水不同的驱动层次。不同类型的生物多样性指标之间也有差异。例如,气候变化是比物种种群变化更重要的群落组成变化驱动力。制止全球生物多样性丧失需要采取政策和行动,解决所有主要驱动因素及其相互作用,而不是孤立地解决其中一些因素。土地使用变化和直接开发是最近全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素。
Effective policies to halt biodiversity loss require knowing which anthropogenic drivers are the most important direct causes. Whereas previous knowledge has been limited in scope and rigor, here we statistically synthesize empirical comparisons of recent driver impacts found through a wide-ranging review. We show that land/sea use change has been the dominant direct driver of recent biodiversity loss worldwide. Direct exploitation of natural resources ranks second and pollution third; climate change and invasive alien species have been significantly less important than the top two drivers. The oceans, where direct exploitation and climate change dominate, have a different driver hierarchy from land and fresh water. It also varies among types of biodiversity indicators. For example, climate change is a more important driver of community composition change than of changes in species populations. Stopping global biodiversity loss requires policies and actions to tackle all the major drivers and their interactions, not some of them in isolation. Land-use change and direct exploitation are the dominant drivers of recent global biodiversity loss.
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