Direct animal calorimetry, the underused gold standard for quantifying the fire of life.
Direct animal calorimetry, the underused gold standard for quantifying the fire of life.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.04.013
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发表时间：
2011-03
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Ramsay, Douglas S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaiyala, Karl J.;Ramsay, Douglas S.
直接动物量热法是量化动物产热 (HP) 的金标准方法，但由于后者相对容易且易于商业化，已在很大程度上被呼吸间接量热法所取代。然而，直接量热法可以准确地量化 HP，从而在代谢正常和异常状态下量化代谢率 (MR)，而呼吸间接量热法依赖于重要的假设，这些假设显然从未在具有遗传或药理学诱导的改变的动物中进行过测试，这些改变会失调代谢燃料的分配和储存，从而促进肥胖和/或糖尿病。当代肥胖和糖尿病研究很大程度上依赖于代谢异常的动物。最近的数据表明肥胖和糖尿病中肠道微生物组的个体和群体差异提出了将有氧气体交换转化为 HP 的重要问题，因为 99% 的肠道细菌是厌氧的，而且它们的数量比体内真核细胞多约 10 倍。最近在非标准实验动物中进行的可靠工作证明，基于呼吸测量法的 HP 估计值存在重大错误。因此，很明显，采用同时直接和间接量热法（总量热法）的新研究对于验证现有和未来肥胖和糖尿病药理学和遗传模型中的呼吸测量MR表型至关重要。我们还详细介绍了使用总热量测定法和同步核心温度评估作为研究各种实验情况（包括急性和慢性给药）中稳态控制的模型。最后，我们提供了一些有关单独执行直接量热法以及与间接量热法和核心温度评估相结合的直接量热法的一些技巧。
Direct animal calorimetry, the gold standard method for quantifying animal heat production (HP), has been largely supplanted by respirometric indirect calorimetry owing to the relative ease and ready commercial availability of the latter technique. Direct calorimetry, however, can accurately quantify HP and thus metabolic rate (MR) in both metabolically normal and abnormal states, whereas respirometric indirect calorimetry relies on important assumptions that apparently have never been tested in animals with genetic or pharmacologically-induced alterations that dysregulate metabolic fuel partitioning and storage so as to promote obesity and/or diabetes. Contemporary obesity and diabetes research relies heavily on metabolically abnormal animals. Recent data implicating individual and group variation in the gut microbiome in obesity and diabetes raise important questions about transforming aerobic gas exchange into HP because 99% of gut bacteria are anaerobic and they outnumber eukaryotic cells in the body by ~10-fold. Recent credible work in non-standard laboratory animals documents substantial errors in respirometry-based estimates of HP. Accordingly, it seems obvious that new research employing simultaneous direct and indirect calorimetry (total calorimetry) will be essential to validate respirometric MR phenotyping in existing and future pharmacological and genetic models of obesity and diabetes. We also detail the use of total calorimetry with simultaneous core temperature assessment as a model for studying homeostatic control in a variety of experimental situations, including acute and chronic drug administration. Finally, we offer some tips on performing direct calorimetry, both singly and in combination with indirect calorimetry and core temperature assessment.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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