Brain Sexual Differentiation and Requirement of SRY: Why or Why Not?
Brain Sexual Differentiation and Requirement of SRY: Why or Why Not?
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2017.00632
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Rosenfeld CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosenfeld CS
大脑的性别分化是由性类固醇激素的精确协调精心安排的。在某些物种中，选择雄性大脑区域的编程依赖于睾酮对雌激素的芳构化。在哺乳动物中，这些激素分别在围产期发育和成年期的组织和激活期激增。在各种鱼类和爬行动物中，胚胎关键时期的孵化温度会导致雄性或雌性的性别分化，但在雄性中，这种分化可以通过早期接触雌激素化学物质而被掩盖。哺乳动物的睾丸发育需要一条Y染色体和睾丸决定基因SRY（人类）/ SRY（所有其他哺乳动物），尽管有明显的例外。两种多刺大鼠：麻美多刺大鼠（Tokudaia osimensis）和德野岛多刺大鼠（Tokunoshima）和两种鼹鼠（Ellobius lutescens和Ellobius tancrei）在两性中都缺乏Y染色体/Sry而具有XO染色体系统。这些啮齿类动物、原始动物（单孔目动物，也缺乏Sry）、鱼类和爬行动物都表现出温度性别决定（TSD），这似乎对Sry对大脑性别分化的要求提出了质疑。这篇综述将分别考虑人类和啮齿动物中表达SRY/ SRY的大脑区域，并讨论SRY/ SRY在大脑中的潜在作用。在哺乳动物（兽类和原始兽类）和某些鱼类和爬行类中，来自不同分类群的证据对Sry对大脑性别分化的要求提出了质疑。解决这个问题的比较方法可能会阐明其他基因、途径和表观遗传修饰刺激脊椎动物物种（包括人类）的大脑性别分化。
Brain sexual differentiation is orchestrated by precise coordination of sex steroid hormones. In some species, programming of select male brain regions is dependent upon aromatization of testosterone to estrogen. In mammals, these hormones surge during the organizational and activational periods that occur during perinatal development and adulthood, respectively. In various fish and reptiles, incubation temperature during a critical embryonic period results in male or female sexual differentiation, but this can be overridden in males by early exposure to estrogenic chemicals. Testes development in mammals requires a Y chromosome and testis determining gene SRY (in humans)/Sry (all other therian mammals), although there are notable exceptions. Two species of spiny rats: Amami spiny rat (Tokudaia osimensis) and Tokunoshima spiny rat (Tokudaia tokunoshimensis) and two species of mole voles (Ellobius lutescens and Ellobius tancrei), lack a Y chromosome/Sry and possess an XO chromosome system in both sexes. Such rodent species, prototherians (monotremes, who also lack Sry), and fish and reptile species that demonstrate temperature sex determination (TSD) seemingly call into question the requirement of Sry for brain sexual differentiation. This review will consider brain regions expressing SRY/Sry in humans and rodents, respectively, and potential roles of SRY/Sry in the brain will be discussed. The evidence from various taxa disputing the requirement of Sry for brain sexual differentiation in mammals (therians and prototherians) and certain fish and reptilian species will be examined. A comparative approach to address this question may elucidate other genes, pathways, and epigenetic modifications stimulating brain sexual differentiation in vertebrate species, including humans.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bhandari RK;Sadler-Riggleman I;Clement TM;Skinner MK
通讯作者：
Skinner MK
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
Auger, Anthony P.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
Vilain E
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Arnold, Arthur P.;Chen, Xuqi
通讯作者：
Chen, Xuqi
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Arakawa, Y;Nishida-Umehara, C;Suzuki, H
通讯作者：
Suzuki, H