Gender differences in neurodevelopment and epigenetics.
Gender differences in neurodevelopment and epigenetics.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00424-013-1258-4
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Auger, Anthony P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chung, Wilson C. J.;Auger, Anthony P.
男性和女性大脑组成不同的概念并不新鲜。例如，众所周知，世纪的解剖学家发现了人脑重量的性别差异。性别差异在大脑组织中的重要性怎么强调都不过分，因为它们可能直接影响认知功能，例如语言技能和空间任务，这取决于性别。此外，神经和精神疾病的发病率也高度依赖于性别。这些临床观察结果重申了必须将性别作为相关的可能影响因素加以考虑的重要性，以便了解神经和精神疾病的发病机制。性别依赖性分化的大脑已被检测到在每个层次的组织：形态，神经化学和功能，并已被证明主要是由性别差异控制的性腺类固醇激素水平在围产期的发展。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了如何性腺类固醇激素睾酮及其代谢产物，影响下游信号级联，包括性腺类固醇受体的激活，和表观遗传事件，以区分大脑中的性别依赖的方式。
The concept that the brain differs in make-up between males and females is not new. For example, it is well-established that anatomists in the nineteenth century found sex differences in human brain weight. The importance of sex differences in the organization of the brain cannot be overstated as they may directly affect cognitive functions, such as verbal skills and visio-spatial tasks in a sex-dependent fashion. Moreover, the incidence of neurological and psychiatric diseases is also highly dependent on sex. These clinical observations reiterate the importance that gender must be taken into account as a relevant possible contributing factor in order to understand the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Gender-dependent differentiation of the brain has been detected at every levels of organization: morphological, neurochemical, and functional, and have been shown to be primarily controlled by sex differences in gonadal steroid hormone levels during perinatal development. In this review, we discuss how the gonadal steroid hormone testosterone and its metabolites, affect downstream signaling cascades, including gonadal steroid receptor activation, and epigenetic events in order to differentiate the brain in a gender-dependent fashion.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
BLOCH, GJ;ECKERSELL, C;MILLS, R
通讯作者：
MILLS, R
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1100314108
发表时间：
2011-03-08
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Auger, Catherine J.;Coss, Dylan;Forbes-Lorman, Robin M.
通讯作者：
Forbes-Lorman, Robin M.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
BAMSHAD, M;NOVAK, MA;DEVRIES, GJ
通讯作者：
DEVRIES, GJ
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
BLAUSTEIN, JD;TURCOTTE, JC
通讯作者：
TURCOTTE, JC
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
ARAI, Y;MURAKAMI, S;NISHIZUKA, M
通讯作者：
NISHIZUKA, M