Pinging the brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals cortical reactivity in time and space.
Pinging the brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals cortical reactivity in time and space.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.018
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Fröhlich F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahn S;Fröhlich F
单脉冲经颅磁刺激（TMS）诱发脑电（EEG）电位（TMS-诱发电位，TEP），被认为是大脑皮层对TMS反应的直接证据。因此，结合TMS和EEG可以用于研究TMS治疗范式中脑网络参与的机制。然而，关于TEP是否是TMS诱导的皮层反应的真正标志物，或者它是否被外周体感和听觉输入的反应所混淆，仍然存在争议。解决这一争议对该领域具有重要意义，并将验证TMS作为认知和临床神经科学中感兴趣的探测网络的工具。在这里，我们划定了TEP的皮质起源的空间和时间定位连续TEP组件，然后随后调制它们与经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）调查皮层反应性引起的单脉冲TMS及其与皮层兴奋性的因果关系。我们招募了18名健康的参与者，采用双盲、交叉、假对照设计。我们收集了运动诱发电位（MEP）和TEPs引起的阈上单脉冲TMS针对左侧初级运动皮层（M1）。为了因果测试皮质和皮质脊髓兴奋性，我们将tDCS应用于左侧M1。我们发现最早的TEP成分（P25）定位于左侧M1。以下TEP成分（N45和P60）主要位于初级躯体感觉皮层，这可能反映了手部肌肉抽搐的传入输入。晚期TEP成分（N100、P180和N280）主要位于听觉皮层。正如假设的那样，tDCS通过调节刺激前μ节律振荡功率来选择性地调节皮质和皮质脊髓的兴奋性。总之，我们的研究结果提供了因果关系的证据表明，早期TEP组件反映了皮层对TMS的反应。
Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits an evoked electroencephalography (EEG) potential (TMS-evoked potential, TEP), which is interpreted as direct evidence of cortical reactivity to TMS. Thus, combining TMS with EEG can be used to investigate the mechanism underlying brain network engagement in TMS treatment paradigms. However, controversy remains regarding whether TEP is a genuine marker of TMS-induced cortical reactivity or if it is confounded by responses to peripheral somatosensory and auditory inputs. Resolving this controversy is of great significance for the field and will validate TMS as a tool to probe networks of interest in cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Here, we delineated TEP’s cortical origins by spatially and temporally localizing successive TEP components, then subsequently modulating them with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate cortical reactivity elicited by single-pulse TMS and its causal relationship with cortical excitability. We recruited 18 healthy participants in a double-blind, cross-over, sham-controlled design. We collected motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and TEPs elicited by suprathreshold single-pulse TMS targeting the left primary motor cortex (M1). To causally test cortical and corticospinal excitability, we applied tDCS to the left M1. We found that the earliest TEP component (P25) was localized to the left M1. The following TEP components (N45 and P60) were largely localized to the primary somatosensory cortex, which may reflect afferent input by hand-muscle twitches. The later TEP components (N100, P180, and N280) were largely localized to the auditory cortex. As hypothesized, tDCS selectively modulated cortical and corticospinal excitability by modulating the pre-stimulus mu-rhythm oscillatory power. Together, our findings provide causal evidence that the early TEP components reflect cortical reactivity to TMS.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Ahn S;Mellin JM;Alagapan S;Alexander ML;Gilmore JH;Jarskog LF;Fröhlich F
通讯作者：
Fröhlich F
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Ilmoniemi, Risto J.;Kicic, Dubravko
通讯作者：
Kicic, Dubravko
影响因子：
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作者：
George, Mark S.;Lisanby, Sarah H.;Sackeim, Harold A.
通讯作者：
Sackeim, Harold A.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Dale, AM;Fischl, B;Sereno, MI
通讯作者：
Sereno, MI
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hussain, Sara J.;Claudino, Leonardo;Cohen, Leonardo G.
通讯作者：
Cohen, Leonardo G.