Biomarkers of selenium status.
Biomarkers of selenium status.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu7042209
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发表时间：
2015-03-31
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Combs GF Jr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Combs GF Jr
必需的微量元素硒 (Se) 具有多种生物活性，这取决于硒的摄入水平。相对较低的硒摄入量决定了硒酶的表达，硒酶是硒酶的重要组成部分。较高的摄入量已被证明具有抗肿瘤潜力；硒摄入量过高会产生不利影响。这种生物活性的层次结构需要生物标志物在不同的硒暴露水平上提供信息。一些硒生物标志物，例如硒蛋白，特别是 GPX3 和 SEPP1，可以直接提供有关功能的信息，并且对于识别营养性硒缺乏和跟踪缺乏个体对硒治疗的反应具有价值。它们在硒蛋白表达调节范围内的硒摄入条件下是有用的，例如，对于人类<55μg/天和对于动物<20μg/kg饮食。其他硒生物标记物通过基于食物、组织、尿液或粪便的硒含量的推断来间接提供信息。它们可以表明缺陷或不利影响的可能性，但它们不提供任何一种情况的直接证据。它们的价值在于提供有关各种硒摄入量（特别是食物形式）硒状态的信息。需要额外的硒生物标志物，特别是用于评估非缺硒个体的硒状态，对于这些人来说，降低癌症风险和不良反应风险的前景是主要的健康考虑因素。这将包括确定免疫监视细胞中硒蛋白的最大表达是否需要超营养摄入硒。它还包括开发测定低分子量硒代谢物的方法，即硒氨基酸和甲基化硒代谢物，迄今为止在生物样本中尚未检测到。最近使用串联液相色谱-质谱法进行的分析进展表明了检测这些代谢物的前景。
The essential trace element, selenium (Se), has multiple biological activities, which depend on the level of Se intake. Relatively low Se intakes determine the expression of selenoenzymes in which it serves as an essential constituent. Higher intakes have been shown to have anti-tumorigenic potential; and very high Se intakes can produce adverse effects. This hierarchy of biological activities calls for biomarkers informative at different levels of Se exposure. Some Se-biomarkers, such as the selenoproteins and particularly GPX3 and SEPP1, provide information about function directly and are of value in identifying nutritional Se deficiency and tracking responses of deficient individuals to Se-treatment. They are useful under conditions of Se intake within the range of regulated selenoprotein expression, e.g., for humans <55 μg/day and for animals <20 μg/kg diet. Other Se-biomarkers provide information indirectly through inferences based on Se levels of foods, tissues, urine or feces. They can indicate the likelihood of deficiency or adverse effects, but they do not provide direct evidence of either condition. Their value is in providing information about Se status over a wide range of Se intake, particularly from food forms. There is need for additional Se biomarkers particularly for assessing Se status in non-deficient individuals for whom the prospects of cancer risk reduction and adverse effects risk are the primary health considerations. This would include determining whether supranutritional intakes of Se may be required for maximal selenoprotein expression in immune surveillance cells. It would also include developing methods to determine low molecular weight Se-metabolites, i.e., selenoamino acids and methylated Se-metabolites, which to date have not been detectable in biological specimens. Recent analytical advances using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry suggest prospects for detecting these metabolites.
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