Seeking a unified framework for cerebellar function and dysfunction: from circuit operations to cognition.
Seeking a unified framework for cerebellar function and dysfunction: from circuit operations to cognition.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncir.2012.00116
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Casali S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Angelo E;Casali S
在对小脑参与感觉-运动协调和学习的基本认识之后，小脑现在也被认为参与认知和情感的处理。这一假设在许多报告解剖和功能观察的论文中反复出现，需要解释。我们认为，在所有小脑区域类似的电路结构可以执行不同的操作使用一个共同的计算方案。基于对解剖学数据的广泛回顾，可以想象小脑的不同作用在于小脑模块的特定连接，运动、认知和情感功能（至少部分）被分离到不同的脑-小脑回路中。我们在此开发了一个基于多个相互关联的层次（元层次假说）的概念和操作框架：从细胞/分子到网络机制，导致计算原语的生成，进而到高级认知/情感处理，最后到心理功能和功能障碍领域。研究的主要概念是时间和学习之间的密切相互作用（让人想起长期归因于小脑的“时间和学习机器”能力），这种相互作用从细胞机制到电路机制产生回响。随后，大规模脑回路内的整合可能产生与小脑有关的不同的认知/情感和心理功能。因此，我们认为小脑是一个通用的协同处理器，其作用取决于各个模块所连接的特定大脑中心。这些回路中的异常功能最终可能导致主要脑部疾病的发病机制，不仅包括共济失调，还包括阅读障碍、自闭症、精神分裂症和抑郁症。
Following the fundamental recognition of its involvement in sensory-motor coordination and learning, the cerebellum is now also believed to take part in the processing of cognition and emotion. This hypothesis is recurrent in numerous papers reporting anatomical and functional observations, and it requires an explanation. We argue that a similar circuit structure in all cerebellar areas may carry out various operations using a common computational scheme. On the basis of a broad review of anatomical data, it is conceivable that the different roles of the cerebellum lie in the specific connectivity of the cerebellar modules, with motor, cognitive, and emotional functions (at least partially) segregated into different cerebro-cerebellar loops. We here develop a conceptual and operational framework based on multiple interconnected levels (a meta-levels hypothesis): from cellular/molecular to network mechanisms leading to generation of computational primitives, thence to high-level cognitive/emotional processing, and finally to the sphere of mental function and dysfunction. The main concept explored is that of intimate interplay between timing and learning (reminiscent of the “timing and learning machine” capabilities long attributed to the cerebellum), which reverberates from cellular to circuit mechanisms. Subsequently, integration within large-scale brain loops could generate the disparate cognitive/emotional and mental functions in which the cerebellum has been implicated. We propose, therefore, that the cerebellum operates as a general-purpose co-processor, whose effects depend on the specific brain centers to which individual modules are connected. Abnormal functioning in these loops could eventually contribute to the pathogenesis of major brain pathologies including not just ataxia but also dyslexia, autism, schizophrenia, and depression.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Argyropoulos, Giorgos P.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.93.18.9985
发表时间：
1996-09-03
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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