Addressing pollination deficits in orchard crops through habitat management for wild pollinators.
Addressing pollination deficits in orchard crops through habitat management for wild pollinators.
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DOI：
10.1002/eap.2743
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发表时间：
2023-01
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影响因子：
--
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中科院分区：
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越来越多的证据表明，由于授粉不足，许多地区的农民的产量低于最高产量。需要采取切实有效的方法来维持农业生态系统内的野生传粉媒介种群，使它们能够提供支撑作物生产的关键授粉服务。我们在英国24个苹果园中建立了筑巢和野花栖息地干预措施，并测量了对访花昆虫及其授粉的影响，探讨了景观环境对其的影响。我们量化了授粉缺陷的程度，并评估了野生传粉媒介的管理是否可以减少缺陷，并在3年内为种植者提供更好的结果。野花干预使访苹果花的独居蜜蜂数量增加了20%以上，但筑巢干预没有效果。其他传粉昆虫类群同时受到本地和景观尺度因素的影响，大黄蜂和食蚜蝇在较大的空间尺度（1000 m）上响应半自然栖息地的相对比例，而蜜蜂和其他蝇类在500 m或更小的空间尺度上响应。通过提高果实数量和质量，传粉者每公顷贡献超过1.6万英镑。然而，赤字（由于缺乏授粉而没有达到最大潜力）被记录下来，这些果园的程度各不相同，并且逐年变化，最差年份的产量赤字为22%（相当于~ 14k英镑/公顷），而最好年份的产量赤字不到3%（相当于~ 2000英镑/公顷）。虽然没有观察到生境干预对总产出缺陷的直接影响，但大量的大黄蜂减少了初始坐果和结实率缺陷，而独居蜜蜂数量较多的果园果实大小缺陷较低。苹果果园传粉媒介的丰度受不同的地方和景观因素的影响，这些因素相互作用并在不同的年份之间变化。因此，授粉和经济产出赤字的程度也因果园和年份而异。我们强调了包括建立野花区和优化作物和非作物栖息地比例在内的方法如何增加主要苹果传粉媒介的丰度，并改善种植者的成果。
There is increasing evidence that farmers in many areas are achieving below maximum yields due to insufficient pollination. Practical and effective approaches are needed to maintain wild pollinator populations within agroecosystems so they can deliver critical pollination services that underpin crop production. We established nesting and wildflower habitat interventions in 24 UK apple orchards and measured effects on flower‐visiting insects and the pollination they provide, exploring how this was affected by landscape context. We quantified the extent of pollination deficits and assessed whether the management of wild pollinators can reduce deficits and deliver improved outcomes for growers over 3 years. Wildflower interventions increased solitary bee numbers visiting apple flowers by over 20%, but there was no effect of nesting interventions. Other pollinator groups were influenced by both local and landscape‐scale factors, with bumblebees and hoverflies responding to the relative proportion of semi‐natural habitat at larger spatial scales (1000 m), while honeybees and other flies responded at 500 m or less. By improving fruit number and quality, pollinators contributed more than £16 k per hectare. However, deficits (where maximum potential was not being reached due to a lack of pollination) were recorded and the extent of these varied across orchards, and from year to year, with a 22% deficit in output in the worst (equivalent to ~£14 k/ha) compared to less than 3% (equivalent to ~£2 k/ha) in the best year. Although no direct effect of our habitat interventions on deficits in gross output was observed, initial fruit set and seed set deficits were reduced by abundant bumblebees, and orchards with a greater abundance of solitary bees saw lower deficits in fruit size. The abundance of pollinators in apple orchards is influenced by different local and landscape factors that interact and vary between years. Consequently, pollination, and the extent of economic output deficits, also vary between orchards and years. We highlight how approaches, including establishing wildflower areas and optimizing the ratio of cropped and non‐cropped habitats can increase the abundance of key apple pollinators and improve outcomes for growers.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Carvell C;Mitschunas N;McDonald R;Hulmes S;Hulmes L;O'Connor RS;Garratt MPD;Potts SG;Fountain MT;Sadykova D;Edwards M;Nowakowski M;Pywell RF;Redhead JW
通讯作者：
Redhead JW
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Bartholomee, Oceane;Aullo, Amandine;Lavorel, Sandra
通讯作者：
Lavorel, Sandra
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Holzschuh A;Dainese M;González-Varo JP;Mudri-Stojnić S;Riedinger V;Rundlöf M;Scheper J;Wickens JB;Wickens VJ;Bommarco R;Kleijn D;Potts SG;Roberts SP;Smith HG;Vilà M;Vujić A;Steffan-Dewenter I
通讯作者：
Steffan-Dewenter I
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Garratt MP;Breeze TD;Boreux V;Fountain MT;McKerchar M;Webber SM;Coston DJ;Jenner N;Dean R;Westbury DB;Biesmeijer JC;Potts SG
通讯作者：
Potts SG
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Heller, Sarah;Joshi, Neelendra K.;Biddinger, David J.
通讯作者：
Biddinger, David J.