Laser activatable perfluorocarbon bubbles for imaging and therapy through enhanced absorption from coupled silica coated gold nanoparticles.
Laser activatable perfluorocarbon bubbles for imaging and therapy through enhanced absorption from coupled silica coated gold nanoparticles.
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激光激活的全氟化碳气泡通过耦合二氧化硅涂层的金纳米颗粒增强吸收用于成像和治疗。
DOI：
10.1039/d0ra08009h
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发表时间：
2021-01-25
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kolios MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandes DA;Appak-Baskoy S;Berndl E;Kolios MC
纳米颗粒已广泛用于癌症治疗和成像（即治疗学）使用各种成像方式。由于它们的物理和化学性质（例如，吸收、荧光和磁性），它们已被用于癌症治疗监测的图像引导治疗。有各种各样的限制，使许多治疗药物不能用于提高治疗能力所需的延长时间。其中一些是由于连续照射时存在的固有特性（例如，结构的变化和/或破坏），另一些是由于环境（即生理）条件，这些条件可能导致物理不稳定性（即，就大小而言），影响可在目标部位积聚的颗粒数量和可实现的总体对比。本研究利用二氧化硅包被的金纳米颗粒（PFH-NEs- scaunps）合成了全氟己烷（PFH）纳米乳剂（NEs），通过光学液滴汽化（ODV）过程使乳剂汽化成气泡，从而为癌症成像提供稳定和增强的信号。所得到的全氟己烷气泡可以用非线性超声（NL US）成像，由于振荡气泡的非线性散射特性，显著提高了信噪比。与用于对比成像的常规气泡相比，来自PFH气泡的NL US信号更稳定。此外，PFH NEs汽化成气泡被证明会导致显著的癌细胞死亡，这反映了形成的PFH气泡的治疗能力。由于细胞死亡是由PFH-NEs-scAuNPs的激光激发引发的，这些纳米颗粒一旦在肿瘤区域积累，就可以特异性靶向癌细胞。由于所使用的治疗药物的类型和成像方式，PFH-NEs-scAuNPs可以提供比其他药物更高的特异性，通过最小化组织特异性信号来定位肿瘤区域，同时用于治疗癌症。来自PFH- nes - scaunps的PFH- nes可在激光激发下蒸发，导致PFH气泡的形成，可用于对比度增强的US成像和治疗。
Nanoparticles have extensively been used for cancer therapy and imaging (i.e., theranostics) using various imaging modalities. Due to their physical and chemical properties (e.g., absorption, fluorescence, and magnetic properties) they have been used for image guided therapy for cancer treatment monitoring. There are various limitations that make many theranostic agents unable to be used for the extended periods of time required for enhancing theranostic capabilities. Some of these are due to inherent characteristics (e.g., change and/or breakdown of structure) present upon continuous irradiation and others are due to environmental (i.e., physiological) conditions that can lead to physical instability (i.e., in terms of size) affecting the amount of particles that can accumulate at the target site and the overall contrast that can be achieved. In this study, perfluorohexane (PFH) nanoemulsions (NEs) were synthesized with silica coated gold nanoparticles (PFH-NEs-scAuNPs) in order to give both stable and enhanced signals for cancer imaging by increasing vaporization of the emulsions into bubbles through the process of optical droplet vaporization (ODV). The resulting perfluorohexane bubbles could be imaged using nonlinear ultrasound (NL US) which significantly increases the signal to noise ratio due to the nonlinear scattering properties of oscillating bubbles. The NL US signals from PFH bubbles were found to be more stable compared to conventional bubbles used for contrast imaging. In addition, the vaporization of PFH NEs into bubbles was shown to cause significant cancer cell death reflecting the theranostic capabilities of the formed PFH bubbles. Since cell death is initiated with laser excitation of PFH-NEs-scAuNPs, these nanoparticles can specifically target cancer cells once they have accumulated at the tumor region. Due to the type of theranostic agent and imaging modality used, the PFH-NEs-scAuNPs can be used to provide higher specificity compared to other agents for locating the tumor region by minimizing tissue specific signals while at the same time being used to treat cancer. PFH-NEs from PFH-NEs-scAuNPs can vaporize upon laser excitation leading to formation of PFH bubbles that can be used for contrast enhanced US imaging and therapy.
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