Powassan Virus: An Emerging Arbovirus of Public Health Concern in North America.
Powassan Virus: An Emerging Arbovirus of Public Health Concern in North America.
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DOI：
10.1089/vbz.2017.2110
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发表时间：
2017-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thangamani S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hermance ME;Thangamani S
波瓦桑病毒（POWV，黄病毒科）是蜱传脑炎黄病毒血清群中唯一的北美成员。它通过肩胛硬蜱、库克硬蜱和其他几种硬蜱传播给中小型哺乳动物。人类在自然传播周期的溢出传播中感染POWV。在人类中，POWV是一种严重的神经侵入性疾病的病原体，50%的幸存者表现出长期的神经系统后遗症。1958年，安大略省波瓦桑一名小男孩死于严重脑炎，POWV被确认为一种人类病原体，并从该病例的脑尸检中分离出POWV。POWV的两个不同的遗传谱系现已被确认：POWV（谱系I）和鹿蜱病毒（谱系II）。自1958年的指示病例以来，已报告了100多例人类POWV病例，在过去16年中发病率明显上升。最近病例的增加可能表明在蜱虫媒介物种流行的地区确实出现了POWV，也可能表明POWV监测和诊断有所增加。在过去的5年中，POWV疾病的基础研究和应用研究都得到了加强，包括系统发育研究、现场监测、病例研究和动物模型开发。本文综述了POWV的流行病学、传播、临床发病和诊断。强调了关于该疾病的最新研究进展和未来的优先事项。
Powassan virus (POWV, Flaviviridae) is the only North American member of the tick-borne encephalitis serogroup of flaviviruses. It is transmitted to small- and medium-sized mammals by Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes cookei, and several other Ixodes tick species. Humans become infected with POWV during spillover transmission from the natural transmission cycles. In humans, POWV is the causative agent of a severe neuroinvasive illness with 50% of survivors displaying long-term neurological sequelae. POWV was recognized as a human pathogen in 1958 when a young boy died of severe encephalitis in Powassan, Ontario, and POWV was isolated from the brain autopsy of this case. Two distinct genetic lineages of POWV are now recognized: POWV (lineage I) and deer tick virus (lineage II). Since the index case in 1958, over 100 human cases of POWV have been reported, with an apparent rise in disease incidence in the past 16 years. This recent increase in cases may represent a true emergence of POWV in regions where the tick vector species are prevalent, or it could represent an increase in POWV surveillance and diagnosis. In the past 5 years, both basic and applied research for POWV disease has intensified, including phylogenetic studies, field surveillance, case studies, and animal model development. This review provides an overview of POWV, including the epidemiology, transmission, clinical disease, and diagnosis of POWV infection. Recent research developments and future priorities with regard to the disease are emphasized.
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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