Discovery of isoflavone phytoalexins in wheat reveals an alternative route to isoflavonoid biosynthesis.
Discovery of isoflavone phytoalexins in wheat reveals an alternative route to isoflavonoid biosynthesis.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-023-42464-3
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发表时间：
2023-11-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Osbourn, Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Polturak, Guy;Misra, Rajesh Chandra;El-Demerdash, Amr;Owen, Charlotte;Steed, Andrew;Mcdonald, Hannah P.;Wang, Jiaojiao;Saalbach, Gerhard;Martins, Carlo;Chartrain, Laetitia;Wilkinson, Barrie;Nicholson, Paul;Osbourn, Anne
异黄酮是一组酚类化合物，主要限于豆科植物，在那里它们介导与植物相关微生物的重要相互作用，包括防御病原体和抑制。它们被充分研究的健康促进属性使它们成为代谢工程的主要目标，既用于生物生产作为高价值分子的异黄酮，也用于粮食作物的生物强化。二十多年前在豆科植物中发现了其生物合成中的关键基因--在这里，我们确定了一个专门的小麦特异性β-内酰胺酶，TaCYP 71 F53，它催化一个不同的反应，从豆科植物β-内酰胺酶，从而揭示了一个替代的途径β-内酰胺酶的生物合成，并提供了一个非转基因途径工程β-内酰胺酶生产小麦。TaCYP 71 F53是一个生物合成基因簇的一部分，该基因簇产生一个由柚皮素衍生的O-甲基化的β-，5-羟基-2 ′，4 ′，7-三甲氧基黄酮，小麦黄素。病原菌诱导的生产和体外抗微生物活性的小麦蛋白表明，防御相关的作用，这种分子在小麦。小麦祖先禾本科植物的基因组和代谢分析进一步表明，triticein基因簇在约9000年前通过自然杂交引入到驯化的二粒小麦中，并编码在现代面包小麦品种中保守的病原体响应代谢途径。异黄酮主要存在于豆科植物中，但对它们在这个家族之外的形成知之甚少。在这里，作者在小麦中发现了一个β-淀粉合成酶基因，该基因存在于病原体诱导的编码β-淀粉合成酶的基因簇中。
Isoflavones are a group of phenolic compounds mostly restricted to plants of the legume family, where they mediate important interactions with plant-associated microbes, including in defense from pathogens and in nodulation. Their well-studied health promoting attributes have made them a prime target for metabolic engineering, both for bioproduction of isoflavones as high-value molecules, and in biofortification of food crops. A key gene in their biosynthesis, isoflavone synthase, was identified in legumes over two decades ago, but little is known about formation of isoflavones outside of this family. Here we identify a specialized wheat-specific isoflavone synthase, TaCYP71F53, which catalyzes a different reaction from the leguminous isoflavone synthases, thus revealing an alternative path to isoflavonoid biosynthesis and providing a non-transgenic route for engineering isoflavone production in wheat. TaCYP71F53 forms part of a biosynthetic gene cluster that produces a naringenin-derived O-methylated isoflavone, 5-hydroxy-2′,4′,7-trimethoxyisoflavone, triticein. Pathogen-induced production and in vitro antimicrobial activity of triticein suggest a defense-related role for this molecule in wheat. Genomic and metabolic analyses of wheat ancestral grasses further show that the triticein gene cluster was introduced into domesticated emmer wheat through natural hybridization ~9000 years ago, and encodes a pathogen-responsive metabolic pathway that is conserved in modern bread wheat varieties. Isoflavones are mostly found in the legumes, and little is known about their formation outside of this family. Here, the authors discover an isoflavone synthase gene in wheat, found in a pathogen-induced gene cluster encoding isoflavone biosynthesis.
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