The development of metacognitive accuracy in working memory across childhood.
The development of metacognitive accuracy in working memory across childhood.
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DOI：
10.1037/dev0001213
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Cowan N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forsberg A;Blume CL;Cowan N
工作记忆容量的增长，即在头脑中保持活跃的项目数量，被认为是儿童认知发展的一个重要方面。在这里，我们关注的是参与者对工作记忆或元工作记忆内容的意识，这似乎很重要，因为人们只有意识到自己的局限性，才能最好地利用认知能力。在两个关于6至13岁儿童和成人元工作记忆发展的实验中，参与者要记住彩色正方形的阵列，并指出阵列中是否有探测项。在许多试验中，在探测识别测试之前，他们报告了一个元判断，他们认为他们记住了多少项目。我们将元工作记忆判断与实际表现进行了比较，并在个人和逐个试验的水平上寻找这些指标之间的关联。尽管年幼儿童的工作记忆容量要低得多，但各年龄组的元工作记忆判断几乎没有变化。因此，年轻的参与者在关于他们工作记忆能力的元判断中不太现实。在一个年龄组内，更高的认知能力与更准确的元工作记忆判断相关。元判断的逐个试验调整仅在年轻人中很明显，并且仅适用于小的数组集大小。总之，元工作记忆能力是一种随着年龄增长而发展的复杂技能，可能是整个学年工作记忆发展的一个组成部分。
Growth in working memory capacity, the number of items kept active in mind, is thought to be an important aspect of childhood cognitive development. Here, we focused on participants’ awareness of the contents of their working memory, or meta-working-memory, which seems important because people can put cognitive abilities to best use only if they are aware of their limitations. In two experiments on the development of meta-working-memory in children between 6 and 13 years old and adults, participants were to remember arrays of colored squares and to indicate if a probe item was in the array. On many trials, before the probe recognition test, they reported a meta-judgment, how many items they thought they remembered. We compared meta-working-memory judgments to actual performance and looked for associations between these measures on individual and trial-by-trial levels. Despite much lower working memory capacity in younger children there was little change in meta-working-memory judgments across age groups. Consequently, younger participants were much less realistic in their meta-judgments concerning their working memory capability. Higher cognitive capacity was associated with more accurate meta-working-memory judgments within an age group. Trial-by-trial tuning of meta-judgments was evident only in young adults, and then only for small array set sizes. In sum, meta-working-memory ability is a sophisticated skill that develops with age and may be an integral aspect of the development of working memory across the school years.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1464-0597.1990.tb01038.x
发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
ASTINGTON, JW;OLSON, DR
通讯作者：
OLSON, DR
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Balcomb, Frances K.;Gerken, LouAnn
通讯作者：
Gerken, LouAnn
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Bays PM;Catalao RF;Husain M
通讯作者：
Husain M
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
COWAN, N;MORSE, PA
通讯作者：
MORSE, PA
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Barrouillet, Pierre;Portrat, Sophie;Camos, Valerie
通讯作者：
Camos, Valerie