Effects of being watched on eye gaze and facial displays of typical and autistic individuals during conversation.
Effects of being watched on eye gaze and facial displays of typical and autistic individuals during conversation.
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DOI：
10.1177/1362361320951691
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hamilton AFC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cañigueral R;Ward JA;Hamilton AFC
与他人的交流依赖于社会信号的协调交换，如眼睛凝视和面部展示。然而，只有当合作伙伴能够看到对方时，才会发生这种情况。尽管之前的研究报告称，自闭症患者在计划眼睛凝视和在交谈时做出面部展示方面存在困难，但来自现实生活中的二元任务的证据很少，而且喜忧参半。通过两项研究，我们调查了典型和高功能自闭症患者的眼睛凝视和面部展示是如何受到被看到的信念和显示真实凝视方向的可能性的调节的。参与者在三种社交环境下完成与邦联的结构化问答任务时，被记录下眼睛跟踪和视频摄像系统：预先录制的视频、视频通话和面对面。典型的参与者在被观察和说话时较少凝视邦联成员，并产生更多的面部表情。与我们的假设相反，自闭症参与者的眼睛凝视和面部运动模式总体上与典型组相似。这表明，高功能自闭症参与者能够使用眼睛凝视和面部展示作为社交信号。未来的研究将需要调查这在多大程度上反映了自发行为或补偿策略的使用。当我们与他人交流时，我们通过眼神和面部表情交换各种社交信号。然而，只有当参与互动的人能够看到对方时，这些社交信号的协调交换才能发生。尽管之前的研究报告称，自闭症患者在社交中使用眼睛凝视和面部表情有困难，但从涉及真正面对面对话的任务中获得的证据很少，而且喜忧参半。在这里，我们调查了典型的高功能自闭症患者的眼睛凝视和面部表情是如何受到被另一个人看到的信念以及面对面互动的影响的。参与者在三种社会背景下完成与邦联的结构化问答任务时，被记录下了眼睛跟踪和摄像机系统：预先录制的视频(不相信被看到，没有面对面)，视频通话(相信被看到，没有面对面)和面对面(相信被看到和面对面)。典型的参与者在被监视和说话时较少凝视邦联成员，并做出更多的面部表情。与我们的假设相反，自闭症参与者的眼睛凝视和面部表情模式总体上与典型组相似。这表明，高功能自闭症参与者能够使用眼睛凝视和面部表情作为社交信号。未来的研究将需要调查这在多大程度上反映了自发行为或补偿策略的使用。
Communication with others relies on coordinated exchanges of social signals, such as eye gaze and facial displays. However, this can only happen when partners are able to see each other. Although previous studies report that autistic individuals have difficulties in planning eye gaze and making facial displays during conversation, evidence from real-life dyadic tasks is scarce and mixed. Across two studies, here we investigate how eye gaze and facial displays of typical and high-functioning autistic individuals are modulated by the belief in being seen and potential to show true gaze direction. Participants were recorded with an eye-tracking and video-camera system while they completed a structured Q&A task with a confederate under three social contexts: pre-recorded video, video-call and face-to-face. Typical participants gazed less to the confederate and produced more facial displays when they were being watched and when they were speaking. Contrary to our hypotheses, eye gaze and facial motion patterns in autistic participants were overall similar to the typical group. This suggests that high-functioning autistic participants are able to use eye gaze and facial displays as social signals. Future studies will need to investigate to what extent this reflects spontaneous behaviour or the use of compensation strategies. When we are communicating with other people, we exchange a variety of social signals through eye gaze and facial expressions. However, coordinated exchanges of these social signals can only happen when people involved in the interaction are able to see each other. Although previous studies report that autistic individuals have difficulties in using eye gaze and facial expressions during social interactions, evidence from tasks that involve real face-to-face conversations is scarce and mixed. Here, we investigate how eye gaze and facial expressions of typical and high-functioning autistic individuals are modulated by the belief in being seen by another person, and by being in a face-to-face interaction. Participants were recorded with an eye-tracking and video-camera system while they completed a structured Q&A task with a confederate under three social contexts: pre-recorded video (no belief in being seen, no face-to-face), video-call (belief in being seen, no face-to-face) and face-to-face (belief in being seen and face-to-face). Typical participants gazed less to the confederate and made more facial expressions when they were being watched and when they were speaking. Contrary to our hypotheses, eye gaze and facial expression patterns in autistic participants were overall similar to the typical group. This suggests that high-functioning autistic participants are able to use eye gaze and facial expressions as social signals. Future studies will need to investigate to what extent this reflects spontaneous behaviour or the use of compensation strategies.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Hessels, Roy S.;Holleman, Gijs A.;Kemner, Chantal
通讯作者：
Kemner, Chantal
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
BEATTIE, GW
通讯作者：
BEATTIE, GW
影响因子：
2
作者：
Birmingham, Elina;Bischof, Walter F.;Kingstone, Alan
通讯作者：
Kingstone, Alan
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Freeth, Megan;Bugembe, Patricia
通讯作者：
Bugembe, Patricia
DOI：
10.2307/2786027
发表时间：
1965-01-01
期刊：
SOCIOMETRY
影响因子：
--
作者：
ARGYLE, M;DEAN, J
通讯作者：
DEAN, J