The roles of reward, default, and executive control networks in set-shifting impairments in schizophrenia.
The roles of reward, default, and executive control networks in set-shifting impairments in schizophrenia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0057257
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stein EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Waltz JA;Kasanova Z;Ross TJ;Salmeron BJ;McMahon RP;Gold JM;Stein EA
精神分裂症患者（SZ）在快速强化学习任务上表现出缺陷，如概率逆转学习（PRL），但这些缺陷的神经基础尚不清楚。最近的证据表明，在许多SZ患者中，腹侧纹状体（VS）对负面结果的相对完整的敏感性表明，PRL缺陷可能主要归因于反馈加工的下游过程，包括执行控制任务区域的激活和默认模式网络（DMN）成分的失活。我们分析了29名慢性SZ患者和21名匹配的正常对照（nc）在MRI扫描仪中执行PRL任务的数据。受试者被呈现8对分形刺激，每组50次。对于每一对，受试者学会了选择更频繁的奖励（更好的）刺激。每达到一个标准，较好的刺激就变成较差的刺激，较差的刺激变成较好的刺激。通过DMN的全脑和感兴趣区域（ROI）分析来评估对反馈事件的反应。我们还评估了BOLD信号对比与SZs临床指标之间的相关性。与nc相比，SZ患者对负反馈的VS失活程度相当，但DMN成分（包括内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC））的失活程度有所降低。患者惩罚诱发的VS和腹内侧PFC失活的程度与无快感/快感缺乏的临床评分显著相关。这些发现表明，在信息反馈出现后，精神分裂症与默认模式网络的失活能力降低有关，而SZ的动机缺陷与反馈诱发的奖励回路组件的活动密切相关。这些结果也证实了腹外侧和背内侧PFC在执行反应集转移中的作用。
Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show deficits on tasks of rapid reinforcement learning, like probabilistic reversal learning (PRL), but the neural bases for those impairments are not known. Recent evidence of relatively intact sensitivity to negative outcomes in the ventral striatum (VS) in many SZ patients suggests that PRL deficits may be largely attributable to processes downstream from feedback processing, involving both the activation of executive control task regions and deactivation of default mode network (DMN) components. We analyzed data from 29 chronic SZ patients and 21 matched normal controls (NCs) performing a PRL task in an MRI scanner. Subjects were presented with eight pairs of fractal stimuli, for 50 trials each. For each pair, subjects learned to choose the more frequently-rewarded (better) stimulus. Each time a criterion was reached, the better stimulus became the worse one, and the worse became the better. Responses to feedback events were assessed through whole-brain and regions-of-interest (ROI) analyses in DMN. We also assessed correlations between BOLD signal contrasts and clinical measures in SZs. Relative to NCs, SZ patients showed comparable deactivation of VS in response to negative feedback, but reduced deactivation of DMN components including medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The magnitudes of patients' punishment-evoked deactivations in VS and ventromedial PFC correlated significantly with clinical ratings for avolition/anhedonia. These findings suggest that schizophrenia is associated with a reduced ability to deactivate components of default mode networks, following the presentation of informative feedback and that motivational deficits in SZ relate closely to feedback-evoked activity in reward circuit components. These results also confirm a role for ventrolateral and dorsomedial PFC in the execution of response-set shifts.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504136102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fox, MD;Snyder, AZ;Raichle, ME
通讯作者：
Raichle, ME
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Andreasen, Nancy C.;Pressler, Marcus;Nopoulos, Peg;Miller, Del;Ho, Beng-Choon
通讯作者：
Ho, Beng-Choon
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Deichmann, R;Gottfried, JA;Turner, R
通讯作者：
Turner, R
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Cools, R;Clark, L;Robbins, TW
通讯作者：
Robbins, TW
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
ELLIOTT, R;MCKENNA, PJ;SAHAKIAN, BJ
通讯作者：
SAHAKIAN, BJ