Inoculating science against potential pandemics and information hazards.
Inoculating science against potential pandemics and information hazards.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1007286
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Esvelt KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Esvelt KM
最近马痘病毒的重新组装是信息危害的一个有指导意义的例子：已发表的促成痘病毒合成的方法导致媒体报道阐明了其影响，有效地传播了可能被用来造成伤害的真实信息。不管收益是否证明风险是合理的，马痘事件提供了充分的理由来升级现有的筛选合成DNA的危险序列的系统，该系统没有覆盖大多数公司，也不能可靠地防止潜在的大流行病原体的组装。升级后的系统可以利用单向加密，秘密地审查几乎所有的商业产品，这些产品由合作的国际服务器网络组成，其完整性可以由第三方核实。资助者可以支持参与的机构，以缓解过渡或直接补贴市场，使清洁DNA更便宜，而期刊，机构和资助者的抵制可以确保合规，并要求对未来的DNA合成器进行硬件级锁定。然而，潜在的问题是，专家之间的安全和安全讨论通常是在潜在的危险事件之后进行的，而不是预测它们。改变规范和激励措施，以支持预先注册和对计划中的实验进行咨询同行评审，可以在某些科学领域测试当前不公开研究模式的替代方案。由于合成哺乳动物病毒学领域，特别是基因驱动研究涉及的技术可以单方面部署，并可能在野外自我复制，因此它们是早期同行评议的初步试验的有力候选者。
The recent de novo assembly of horsepox is an instructive example of an information hazard: published methods enabling poxvirus synthesis led to media coverage spelling out the implications, efficiently disseminating true information that might be used to cause harm. Whether or not the benefits justified the risks, the horsepox saga provides ample reason to upgrade the current system for screening synthesized DNA for hazardous sequences, which does not cover the majority of firms and cannot reliably prevent the assembly of potentially pandemic pathogens. An upgraded system might leverage one-way encryption to confidentially scrutinize virtually all commercial production by a cooperative international network of servers whose integrity can be verified by third parties. Funders could support participating institutions to ease the transition or outright subsidize the market to make clean DNA cheaper, while boycotts by journals, institutions, and funders could ensure compliance and require hardware-level locks on future DNA synthesizers. However, the underlying problem is that security and safety discussions among experts typically follow potentially hazardous events rather than anticipating them. Changing norms and incentives to favor preregistration and advisory peer review of planned experiments could test alternatives to the current closeted research model in select areas of science. Because the fields of synthetic mammalian virology and especially gene drive research involve technologies that could be unilaterally deployed and may self-replicate in the wild, they are compelling candidates for initial trials of early-stage peer review.
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从化学合成的DNA片段中构建感染性的Horsepox病毒疫苗。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Noyce RS;Lederman S;Evans DH
通讯作者：
Evans DH
DOI：
10.1089/bsp.2013.0047
发表时间：
2013-09-01
期刊：
BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sell, Tara Kirk;Watson, Matthew
通讯作者：
Watson, Matthew
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Bostrom, Nick
通讯作者：
Bostrom, Nick
DOI：
10.1126/science.1249252
发表时间：
2014-04-04
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Annaluru N;Muller H;Mitchell LA;Ramalingam S;Stracquadanio G;Richardson SM;Dymond JS;Kuang Z;Scheifele LZ;Cooper EM;Cai Y;Zeller K;Agmon N;Han JS;Hadjithomas M;Tullman J;Caravelli K;Cirelli K;Guo Z;London V;Yeluru A;Murugan S;Kandavelou K;Agier N;Fischer G;Yang K;Martin JA;Bilgel M;Bohutski P;Boulier KM;Capaldo BJ;Chang J;Charoen K;Choi WJ;Deng P;DiCarlo JE;Doong J;Dunn J;Feinberg JI;Fernandez C;Floria CE;Gladowski D;Hadidi P;Ishizuka I;Jabbari J;Lau CY;Lee PA;Li S;Lin D;Linder ME;Ling J;Liu J;Liu J;London M;Ma H;Mao J;McDade JE;McMillan A;Moore AM;Oh WC;Ouyang Y;Patel R;Paul M;Paulsen LC;Qiu J;Rhee A;Rubashkin MG;Soh IY;Sotuyo NE;Srinivas V;Suarez A;Wong A;Wong R;Xie WR;Xu Y;Yu AT;Koszul R;Bader JS;Boeke JD;Chandrasegaran S
通讯作者：
Chandrasegaran S
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
DiEuliis, Diane;Berger, Kavita;Gronvall, Gigi
通讯作者：
Gronvall, Gigi