Infrequent identity mismatches are frequently undetected.
Infrequent identity mismatches are frequently undetected.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-014-0630-6
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Goldinger SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Papesh MH;Goldinger SD
快速准确地将人脸与照片进行匹配的能力对于许多领域都至关重要，从控制有年龄限制的商品的购买到执法和机场安全。尽管人脸匹配非常普遍且重要，但研究表明，人脸匹配非常容易出错。大多数面部匹配研究是在理想化条件下进行的（例如，使用同一天拍摄的个人照片），并且匹配和不匹配试验的比例相同，这一比例在日常面部匹配中可能不会观察到。在四项实验中，我们向观察者提供了平均相隔 1.5 岁拍摄的面部照片，并比较了低（10%）和高（50%）不匹配发生率的条件，测试了面部匹配性能是否受到身份不匹配发生率的影响。就像视觉搜索中的低流行率效应一样，我们观察到低流行率条件下的漏失率过高。当参与者被允许纠正他们的初始反应（实验 2）、当他们必须用确定性判断来验证每个决定（实验 3）以及当他们被允许“第二次看”面孔对时（实验 4），这种效应仍然存在。这些结果表明，在现实观看条件下，人脸匹配中的低流行率效应是一个巨大且持续的错误来源。
The ability to quickly and accurately match faces to photographs bears critically on many domains, from controlling purchase of age-restricted goods to law enforcement and airport security. Despite its pervasiveness and importance, research has shown that face matching is surprisingly error prone. The majority of face-matching research is conducted under idealized conditions (e.g., using photographs of individuals taken on the same day) and with equal proportions of match and mismatch trials, a rate that is likely not observed in everyday face matching. In four experiments, we presented observers with photographs of faces taken an average of 1.5 years apart and tested whether face-matching performance is affected by the prevalence of identity mismatches, comparing conditions of low (10 %) and high (50 %) mismatch prevalence. Like the low-prevalence effect in visual search, we observed inflated miss rates under low-prevalence conditions. This effect persisted when participants were allowed to correct their initial responses (Experiment 2), when they had to verify every decision with a certainty judgment (Experiment 3) and when they were permitted “second looks” at face pairs (Experiment 4). These results suggest that, under realistic viewing conditions, the low-prevalence effect in face matching is a large, persistent source of errors.
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