Spatially confined responses of mouse visual cortex to intracortical magnetic stimulation from micro-coils.
Spatially confined responses of mouse visual cortex to intracortical magnetic stimulation from micro-coils.
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小鼠视皮层对微线圈磁刺激的空间受限反应。
DOI：
10.1088/1741-2552/abbd22
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发表时间：
2020-10-23
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Lee SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ryu SB;Paulk AC;Yang JC;Ganji M;Dayeh SA;Cash SS;Fried SI;Lee SW
通过植入皮层的微电极进行电刺激已被认为是一种潜在的治疗广泛的神经系统疾病。然而，尽管取得了一些成功，但传统电极的有效性仍然有限，部分原因是无法在每个电极周围创建特定的神经活动模式，部分原因是维持稳定界面的挑战。使用可植入的微线圈来磁刺激皮质具有克服这些限制的潜力，因为来自线圈的不对称场可以被利用来选择性地激活一些神经元，例如垂直取向的锥体神经元，同时避免其他神经元，例如水平取向的通过轴突。体外实验已经表明，激活确实被微线圈限制，但它们在活体动物的完整大脑中的有效性尚未得到评估。为了评估刺激的功效，将128通道定制记录微电极阵列定位在麻醉小鼠的视觉皮层（ECoG）表面上，并比较对磁刺激和电刺激的反应。通过记录阵列中心的孔以每秒200个脉冲的速率植入电极或微线圈，持续100 ms。电刺激和磁刺激都可靠地引起皮层反应，尽管电刺激的激活在空间上是扩展的，通常从刺激部位延伸超过1 mm，而来自磁刺激的激活通常限于刺激部位周围的~300 μm直径区域。结果是一致的皮质层2/3和层5的刺激，以及在一系列的刺激强度。磁刺激改善的聚焦性表明皮层刺激的有效性可以得到改善。改善的聚焦性对于需要高空间分辨率的皮质假体（例如，靶向感觉皮质的装置）可能特别有吸引力，因为它可能导致改善的敏锐度。
Electrical stimulation via microelectrodes implanted in cortex has been suggested as a potential treatment for a wide range of neurological disorders. Despite some success however, the effectiveness of conventional electrodes remains limited, in part due to an inability to create specific patterns of neural activity around each electrode and in part due to challenges with maintaining a stable interface. The use of implantable micro-coils to magnetically stimulate the cortex has the potential to overcome these limitations because the asymmetric fields from coils can be harnessed to selectively activate some neurons, e.g. vertically-oriented pyramidal neurons while avoiding others, e.g. horizontally-oriented passing axons. In vitro experiments have shown that activation is indeed confined with micro-coils but their effectiveness in the intact brain of living animals has not been evaluated. To assess the efficacy of stimulation, a 128-channel custom recording microelectrode array was positioned on the surface of the visual cortex (ECoG) in anesthetized mice and responses to magnetic and electric stimulation were compared. Stimulation was delivered from electrodes or micro-coils implanted through a hole in the center of the recording array at a rate of 200 pulses per second for 100 ms. Both electric and magnetic stimulation reliably elicited cortical responses, although activation from electric stimulation was spatially expansive, often extending more than 1 mm from the stimulation site, while activation from magnetic stimulation was typically confined to a ~300 μm diameter region around the stimulation site. Results were consistent for stimulation of both cortical layer 2/3 and layer 5 as well as across a range of stimulus strengths. The improved focality with magnetic stimulation suggests that the effectiveness of cortical stimulation can be improved. Improved focality may be particularly attractive for cortical prostheses that require high spatial resolution, e.g. devices that target sensory cortex, as it may lead to improved acuity.
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