Seasonal calving in European Prehistoric cattle and its impacts on milk availability and cheese-making.
Seasonal calving in European Prehistoric cattle and its impacts on milk availability and cheese-making.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-021-87674-1
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发表时间：
2021-04-14
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ivanova M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balasse M;Gillis R;Živaljević I;Berthon R;Kovačiková L;Fiorillo D;Arbogast RM;Bălăşescu A;Bréhard S;Nyerges ÉÁ;Dimitrijević V;Bánffy E;Domboróczki L;Marciniak A;Oross K;Vostrovská I;Roffet-Salque M;Stefanović S;Ivanova M
现在的家牛全年繁殖活跃，这是乳制品生产的主要资产。相比之下，大型野生有蹄类动物是季节性繁殖动物，就像牛的野生祖先——欧洲野牛的最后一个历史代表一样。牛的季节性繁殖是驯养和放牧的结果，但这种能力在驯养牛中发展的确切时间仍然未知，早期农业社区控制繁殖季节性的程度也存在争议。季节性或季节性产犊可能会以不同的方式塑造古代农业社会的社会经济实践，构建农业-畜牧业日历，并决定乳品业的牛奶供应。在这项研究中，我们通过分析来自欧洲18个地点的牛牙釉质的稳定氧同位素比率，重建了产犊模式，这些地点可以追溯到6世纪。公元前4世纪（新石器时代早期）在巴尔干半岛。公元前（新石器时代中期）在西欧。在公元前6至4千年之间，季节性产犊在欧洲盛行。这些结果表明，新石器时代欧洲的牛农牧系统受到环境因素的强烈限制，特别是饲料资源。随之而来的牛奶供应的波动将解释奶酪的制作，将季节性的牛奶供应转变为可储存的产品。
Present-day domestic cattle are reproductively active throughout the year, which is a major asset for dairy production. Large wild ungulates, in contrast, are seasonal breeders, as were the last historic representatives of the aurochs, the wild ancestors of cattle. Aseasonal reproduction in cattle is a consequence of domestication and herding, but exactly when this capacity developed in domestic cattle is still unknown and the extent to which early farming communities controlled the seasonality of reproduction is debated. Seasonal or aseasonal calving would have shaped the socio-economic practices of ancient farming societies differently, structuring the agropastoral calendar and determining milk availability where dairying is attested. In this study, we reconstruct the calving pattern through the analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios of cattle tooth enamel from 18 sites across Europe, dating from the 6th mill. cal BC (Early Neolithic) in the Balkans to the 4th mill. cal BC (Middle Neolithic) in Western Europe. Seasonal calving prevailed in Europe between the 6th and 4th millennia cal BC. These results suggest that cattle agropastoral systems in Neolithic Europe were strongly constrained by environmental factors, in particular forage resources. The ensuing fluctuations in milk availability would account for cheese-making, transforming a seasonal milk supply into a storable product.
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影响因子：
0.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Brehard, Stephanie
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通讯作者：
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