Functional brain connectivity using fMRI in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Functional brain connectivity using fMRI in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11065-014-9249-6
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发表时间:
2014-03
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Thompson, Paul M.
Thompson, Paul M.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dennis, Emily L.;Thompson, Paul M.

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正常的衰老和阿尔茨海默病会导致大脑结构和功能的深刻变化。AD尤其伴随着广泛的皮质神经元损失和脑系统之间的连接损失。这种神经通路的退化破坏了大脑激活的功能一致性。脑成像的最新创新已经发现了功能网络中的特征性中断。在这里,我们回顾了研究功能连接的变化,通过功能磁共振成像(功能磁共振成像)测量,从健康的老龄化,然后阿尔茨海默病(AD)。我们涵盖了采用三种主要方法来分析功能连接性的研究-基于种子的,伊卡(独立成分分析)和图论。最后,我们包括其他方法的简要讨论,如EEG(脑电图),MEG(脑磁图),PET(正电子发射断层扫描)。我们还描述了结合联合收割机rsfMRI(静息状态fMRI)与PET成像的多模式研究,以及检查药物作用的研究。总体而言,连接性和网络完整性似乎在健康老化中下降,但这种下降在AD中加速,特定系统受到的打击最大,例如默认模式网络(DMN)。功能连接是一个相对较新的研究课题,但它在揭示大脑网络动力学如何在整个生命周期和疾病中变化方面具有很大的希望。
Normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease cause profound changes in the brain’s structure and function. AD in particular is accompanied by widespread cortical neuronal loss, and loss of connections between brain systems. This degeneration of neural pathways disrupts the functional coherence of brain activation. Recent innovations in brain imaging have detected characteristic disruptions in functional networks. Here we review studies examining changes in functional connectivity, measured through fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), starting with healthy aging and then Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We cover studies that employ the three primary methods to analyze functional connectivity – seed-based, ICA (independent components analysis), and graph theory. At the end we include a brief discussion of other methodologies, such as EEG (electroencephalography), MEG (magnetoencephalography), and PET (positron emission tomography). We also describe multi-modal studies that combine rsfMRI (resting state fMRI) with PET imaging, as well as studies examining the effects of medications. Overall, connectivity and network integrity appear to decrease in healthy aging, but this decrease is accelerated in AD, with specific systems hit hardest, such as the default mode network (DMN). Functional connectivity is a relatively new topic of research, but it holds great promise in revealing how brain network dynamics change across the lifespan and in disease.
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