Seasonality of host immunity in a tropical disease system
Seasonality of host immunity in a tropical disease system
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热带疾病系统中宿主免疫的季节性
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.4158
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Voyles, Jamie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosa, Gonçalo M.;Perez, Rachel;Richards, Lora A.;Richards‐Zawacki, Corinne L.;Smilanich, Angela M.;Reinert, Laura K.;Rollins‐Smith, Louise A.;Wetzel, Daniel P.;Voyles, Jamie
传染病系统经常表现出强烈的季节性模式，但支撑年内周期的机制尚不清楚，特别是在热带地区。我们假设宿主免疫功能季节性波动，导致热带疾病系统感染模式的波动。为了验证这一假设，我们研究了两栖动物针对致命真菌病原体 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) 的关键宿主防御。我们整合了两项现场实验，其中我们扰乱了巴拿马火箭蛙（Colostethus panamansis）的两栖动物皮肤分泌物，这是一种关键的宿主免疫机制。我们发现，这种减少野生青蛙种群皮肤分泌物的免疫抑制技术增加了 Bd 流行率和感染强度，表明这种免疫防御有助于对 Bdin 野生青蛙种群的抵抗力。我们还发现，青蛙皮肤分泌物的化学成分和抗 Bd 功效随季节变化，相对于雨季，干季对病原体的抑制作用更大。这些结果表明，这种宿主防御机制的有效性随季节变化，可能导致致命疾病系统的季节性感染模式。更广泛地说，我们的研究结果表明，即使在温度相对稳定的热带地区，宿主的免疫防御也会随着季节的变化而波动，这增进了我们对传染病动态的年内周期的理解。
Infectious disease systems frequently exhibit strong seasonal patterns, yet the mechanisms that underpin intra‐annual cycles are unclear, particularly in tropical regions. We hypothesized that host immune function fluctuates seasonally, contributing to oscillations in infection patterns in a tropical disease system. To test this hypothesis, we investigated a key host defense of amphibians against a lethal fungal pathogen,Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd). We integrated two field experiments in which we perturbed amphibian skin secretions, a critical host immune mechanism, in Panamanian rocket frogs (Colostethus panamansis). We found that this immunosuppressive technique of reducing skin secretions in wild frog populations increasedBdprevalence and infection intensity, indicating that this immune defense contributes to resistance toBdin wild frog populations. We also found that the chemical composition and anti‐Bdeffectiveness of frog skin secretions varied across seasons, with greater pathogen inhibition during the dry season relative to the wet season. These results suggest that the effectiveness of this host defense mechanism shifts across seasons, likely contributing to seasonal infection patterns in a lethal disease system. More broadly, our findings indicate that host immune defenses can fluctuate across seasons, even in tropical regions where temperatures are relatively stable, which advances our understanding of intra‐annual cycles of infectious disease dynamics.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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2009
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