Relations between acoustic cavitation and skin resistance during intermediate- and high-frequency sonophoresis.
Relations between acoustic cavitation and skin resistance during intermediate- and high-frequency sonophoresis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.007
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发表时间：
2014-11-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mast TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rich KT;Hoerig CL;Rao MB;Mast TD
已知在超声促渗期间由于超声诱导的空化而实现增强的皮肤渗透性。然而，在超声促渗期间空化的机械作用仅在低频（LFS，<100 kHz）应用中被广泛研究。在这里，通过被动监测在中频（IFS，100-700 kHz）和高频超声促渗（HFS，>1 MHz）期间在体外猪皮肤内或外部隔离的空化产生的次谐波和宽带发射，研究了渗透性增强稳定和惯性空化的机制。测量皮肤的电阻，皮肤对各种化合物的渗透性的替代量度，以量化在暴露于脉冲（1秒脉冲，20%占空比）0.41和2.0MHz超声期间和之后在声功率范围（0- 21.7W）内持续30分钟的皮肤屏障的减少和随后的恢复。IFS期间，显着的皮肤电阻降低和空化声发射专门测量时，空化是孤立的皮肤外。IFS过程中测得的随时间变化的皮肤电阻降低与次谐波和宽带发射水平显着相关。在HFS期间，显著的皮肤电阻降低伴随着在试验期间测量的来自空化的显著声发射，所述试验隔离了皮肤外或皮肤内的空化活动。与时间相关的皮肤电阻降低测量HFS相关显着更大的次谐波比宽带发射水平。在所有试验中，由于超声促渗引起的皮肤屏障的减少是可逆的;然而，IFS期间产生的效应恢复得更慢，并且比HFS持续更长的时间。这些结果定量地证明了超声促渗过程中空化的重要性，并表明IFS和HFS处理的渗透性增强的机制和处理后寿命是不同的。
Enhanced skin permeability is known to be achieved during sonophoresis due to ultrasound-induced cavitation. However, the mechanistic role of cavitation during sonophoresis has only been extensively investigated for low-frequency (LFS, <100 kHz) applications. Here, mechanisms of permeability-enhancing stable and inertial cavitation were investigated by passively monitoring subharmonic and broadband emissions arising from cavitation isolated within or external to porcine skin in vitro during intermediate- (IFS, 100–700 kHz) and high-frequency sonophoresis (HFS, >1 MHz). The electrical resistance of skin, a surrogate measure of the permeability of skin to a variety of compounds, was measured to quantify the reduction and subsequent recovery of the skin barrier during and after exposure to pulsed (1 second pulse, 20% duty cycle) 0.41 and 2.0 MHz ultrasound over a range of acoustic powers (0–21.7 W) for 30 minutes. During IFS, significant skin resistance reductions and acoustic emissions from cavitation were measured exclusively when cavitation was isolated outside of the skin. Time-dependent skin resistance reductions measured during IFS correlated significantly with subharmonic and broadband emission levels. During HFS, significant skin resistance reductions were accompanied by significant acoustic emissions from cavitation measured during trials that isolated cavitation activity either outside of skin or within skin. Time-dependent skin resistance reductions measured during HFS correlated significantly greater with subharmonic than with broadband emission levels. The reduction of the skin barrier due to sonophoresis was reversible in all trials; however, effects incurred during IFS recovered more slowly and persisted over a longer period of time than HFS. These results quantitatively demonstrate the significance of cavitation during sonophoresis and suggest that the mechanisms and post-treatment longevity of permeability enhancement due to IFS and HFS treatments are different.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Gupta, Jyoti;Prausnitz, Mark R.
通讯作者：
Prausnitz, Mark R.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Everbach, EC;Makin, IRS;Meltzer, RS
通讯作者：
Meltzer, RS
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
McDannold, N;Vykhodtseva, N;Hynynen, K
通讯作者：
Hynynen, K
DOI：
10.1159/000211287
发表时间：
1994-05-01
期刊：
SKIN PHARMACOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
MENON, GK;BOMMANNAN, DB;ELIAS, PM
通讯作者：
ELIAS, PM
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
MITRAGOTRI, S;EDWARDS, DA;LANGER, R
通讯作者：
LANGER, R