Starvation at the larval stage increases the vector competence of Aedes aegypti females for Zika virus.
Starvation at the larval stage increases the vector competence of Aedes aegypti females for Zika virus.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010003
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Franz AWE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herd CS;Grant DG;Lin J;Franz AWE
埃及伊蚊是寨卡病毒（ZIKV）的主要媒介，寨卡病毒是一种黄病毒，通常表现为人类发热样症状，但也可引起神经系统和妊娠并发症。寨卡病毒等蚊媒虫媒病毒的传播周期要求雌蚊体内的各种关键组织在蚊子将病毒传播给另一个脊椎动物宿主之前得到有效感染。在摄入脊椎动物的病毒血症血粉后，寨卡病毒首先感染中肠上皮，然后在血粉消化后离开中肠，传播到包括唾液腺在内的次级组织。在这里，我们研究了较小的Ae。与较大的蚊子相比，由于食物剥夺而形成的埃及伊蚊幼虫对血食性寨卡病毒的传播能力发生了改变。从小的“饥饿”和大的“控制”Ae的中间胆量。对埃及伊蚊进行解剖，通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察中肠基底膜（BL）作为中肠逃逸屏障的物理证据，结果显示饥饿蚊子在两个时间点的中肠基底膜明显薄于对照蚊子。经胸内注射寨卡病毒可抑制寨卡病毒在饥饿蚊体内的复制，但在感染后9天，饥饿蚊通过血粉传播的中肠逃逸率和种群传播率显著高于对照组，唾液和头部组织中的病毒含量分别比对照组高10 dpi和14 dpi。这些结果表明，Ae。在压力条件下发育的埃及伊蚊成年后可能表现出更高的中肠感染和寨卡病毒传播率，因此，幼虫时期食物摄入量的变化可能是出现的成年病毒媒介能力水平变化的一个来源。当蚊子在实验室里饲养时，它们通常会在幼虫时期获得充足的营养，这样成年蚊子就能长到最佳尺寸；这确保了成年人在可重复性实验中是健壮的。然而，在田间，并非所有幼虫都能获得等量的食物。包括我们在内的研究表明，通过限制幼虫的食物，可以产生更小的成虫，这些成虫感染和传播节肢动物传播的病毒的能力可能会改变。当雌性蚊子从受感染的脊椎动物宿主身上获得血液时，寨卡病毒被摄入到其中肠；病毒必须感染中肠细胞，并通过包围中肠的基底层逃离该组织进入次级组织。然后，病毒会感染包括唾液腺在内的其他器官，进一步传播。在这项研究中，我们重点关注幼虫营养有限对成虫寨卡病毒传播潜力的影响。
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus which typically presents itself as febrile-like symptoms in humans but can also cause neurological and pregnancy complications. The transmission cycle of mosquito-borne arboviruses such as ZIKV requires that various key tissues in the female mosquito get productively infected with the virus before the mosquito can transmit the virus to another vertebrate host. Following ingestion of a viremic blood-meal from a vertebrate, ZIKV initially infects the midgut epithelium before exiting the midgut after blood-meal digestion to disseminate to secondary tissues including the salivary glands. Here we investigated whether smaller Ae. aegypti females resulting from food deprivation as larvae exhibited an altered vector competence for blood-meal acquired ZIKV relative to larger mosquitoes. Midguts from small ‘Starve’ and large ‘Control’ Ae. aegypti were dissected to visualize by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the midgut basal lamina (BL) as physical evidence for the midgut escape barrier showing Starve mosquitoes with a significantly thinner midgut BL than Control mosquitoes at two timepoints. ZIKV replication was inhibited in Starve mosquitoes following intrathoracic injection of virus, however, Starve mosquitoes exhibited a significantly higher midgut escape and population dissemination rate at 9 days post-infection (dpi) via blood-meal, with more virus present in saliva and head tissue than Control by 10 dpi and 14 dpi, respectively. These results indicate that Ae. aegypti developing under stressful conditions potentially exhibit higher midgut infection and dissemination rates for ZIKV as adults, Thus, variation in food intake as larvae is potentially a source for variable vector competence levels of the emerged adults for the virus. When mosquitoes are reared in a laboratory they are typically provided with ample nutrients as larvae so adults can grow to an optimal size; this ensures adults are robust for reproducible experiments. However, in the field not all larvae may have access to equal amounts of food. Studies including ours have shown that by restricting food as larvae, smaller adults can be produced, which can have an altered ability to be infected with and transmit arthropod-borne viruses. Zika virus is ingested into a female mosquito midgut when a blood-meal is acquired from an infected vertebrate host; the virus must infect midgut cells and escape this tissue to secondary tissues via the basal lamina, which surrounds the midgut. Viruses can then infect other organs including the salivary glands, for further transmission. In this study we focus on the impact limited nutrition as a larva has on the adult’s transmission potential for Zika virus.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Chotiwan N;Andre BG;Sanchez-Vargas I;Islam MN;Grabowski JM;Hopf-Jannasch A;Gough E;Nakayasu E;Blair CD;Belisle JT;Hill CA;Kuhn RJ;Perera R
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2007.1497
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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作者：
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