Naturalistic Experimental Designs as Tools for Understanding the Role of Genes and the Environment in Prevention Research.
Naturalistic Experimental Designs as Tools for Understanding the Role of Genes and the Environment in Prevention Research.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11121-017-0746-8
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cresko WA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leve LD;Neiderhiser JM;Harold GT;Natsuaki MN;Bohannan BJM;Cresko WA
在将遗传方法应用于人类实验研究之前，动物和植物育种者使用它们来观察和实验操纵基因和环境对特定表型或行为结果的作用。出于明显的伦理原因，在人群中不可能进行相同水平的实验控制。尽管如此，人类中存在自然的实验设计，可以作为动植物研究人员使用的严格定量遗传实验设计的逻辑延伸。应用生命科学学科中的交叉培育和常见花园饲养方法等概念，我们描述了可以作为生命科学研究中促进的受控定量遗传实验的自然主义代理的人类设计。我们提出了三种此类人类设计的预防相关性：（1）儿童出生时被与他们没有遗传关系的父母收养（常见花园方法）； (2) 兄弟姐妹设计，其中一个兄弟姐妹从出生起就由无关的养父母抚养，另一个兄弟姐妹从出生起就由兄弟姐妹的生母抚养（交叉寄养法）； （3）体外受精设计，包括卵子捐献、精子捐献、胚胎捐献和代孕（产前交叉培养方法）。这些设计中的每一种都允许以自然的方式区分产前和/或产后养育环境的影响与父母和孩子之间共享基因的影响，从而为预防工作提供信息。提供了每种设计类型的示例发现，并得出了关于自然遗传设计与预防科学的相关性的结论。
Before genetic approaches were applied in experimental studies with human populations, they were used by animal and plant breeders to observe, and experimentally manipulate, the role of genes and environment on specific phenotypic or behavioral outcomes. For obvious ethical reasons, the same level of experimental control is not possible in human populations. Nonetheless, there are natural experimental designs in human populations that can serve as logical extensions of the rigorous quantitative genetic experimental designs used by animal and plant researchers. Applying concepts such as cross-fostering and common garden rearing approaches from the life science discipline, we describe human designs that can serve as naturalistic proxies for the controlled quantitative genetic experiments facilitated in life sciences research. We present the prevention relevance of three such human designs: (1) children adopted at birth by parents to whom they are not genetically related (common garden approach); (2) sibling designs where one sibling is reared from birth with unrelated adoptive parents and the other sibling is reared from birth by the biological mother of the sibling pair (cross-fostering approach); and (3) in vitro fertilization designs, including egg donation, sperm donation, embryo donation, and surrogacy (prenatal cross-fostering approach). Each of these designs allows for differentiation of the effects of the prenatal and/or postnatal rearing environment from effects of genes shared between parent and child in naturalistic ways that can inform prevention efforts. Example findings from each design type are provided and conclusions drawn about the relevance of naturalistic genetic designs to prevention science.
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影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Eley, Thalia C.;McAdams, Tom. A.;Neiderhiser, Jenae M.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b8bfc0
发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Reiss, David
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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