Resilience trinity: safeguarding ecosystem functioning and services across three different time horizons and decision contexts
Resilience trinity: safeguarding ecosystem functioning and services across three different time horizons and decision contexts
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弹性三位一体：在三个不同的时间范围和决策背景下保护生态系统的功能和服务
作者：
Hanna Weise;H. Auge;C. Baessler;I. Bärlund;E. M. Bennett;U. Berger;F. Bohn;A. Bonn;D. Borchardt;F. Brand;A. Chatzinotas;R. Corstanje;F. Laender;P. Dietrich;S. Dunker;W. Durka;I. Fazey;J. Groeneveld;Camille S. E. Guilbaud;H. Harms;Stanley Harpole;J. Harris;K. Jax;F. Jeltsch;K. Johst;J. Joshi;S. Klotz;I. Kühn;C. Kuhlicke;B. Müller;V. Radchuk;H. Reuter;K. Rinke;M. Schmitt;R. Seppelt;A. Singer;R. Standish;H. Thulke;B. Tietjen;M. Weitere;C. Wirth;Christine Wolf;V. Grimm
确保生态系统恢复力是一种直观的方法，以保障生态系统的功能，从而在未来提供生态系统服务（ES）。然而，弹性是一个多方面的概念，难以操作。关注弹性机制，如多样性、网络架构或适应能力，最近被建议作为实施弹性的手段。不过，对机制的关注还不够具体。我们提出了一个概念框架，即弹性三位一体，以促进在三种不同决策背景和时间范围内基于弹性机制的管理：1)反应性，当ES弹性面临迫在眉睫的威胁且采取行动的压力很大时；2)调节性，当威胁是已知的，但仍有时间适应管理时；3)预防性，当时间范围很长，威胁的性质是不确定的，导致行动意愿低。在这些不同的时间范围内，弹性有不同的解释和含义，这在不同的学科中也很普遍。社会生态学、生态学和工程学往往隐含地分别关注预防性、适应性或反应性弹性，但这些不同的弹性概念及其相应的社会、生态和经济权衡需要协调一致。否则，我们将继续冒着被动行动带来意想不到的后果的风险，或者因为无法减少的不确定性而回避预防性行动。建议的三位一体的时间范围及其决策背景有助于确保在优先考虑对生态系统的紧急威胁时不会错过长期管理行动。
Ensuring ecosystem resilience is an intuitive approach to safeguard the functioning of ecosystems and hence the future provisioning of ecosystem services (ES). However, resilience is a multi‐faceted concept that is difficult to operationalize. Focusing on resilience mechanisms, such as diversity, network architectures or adaptive capacity, has recently been suggested as means to operationalize resilience. Still, the focus on mechanisms is not specific enough. We suggest a conceptual framework, resilience trinity, to facilitate management based on resilience mechanisms in three distinctive decision contexts and time‐horizons: 1) reactive, when there is an imminent threat to ES resilience and a high pressure to act, 2) adjustive, when the threat is known in general but there is still time to adapt management and 3) provident, when time horizons are very long and the nature of the threats is uncertain, leading to a low willingness to act. Resilience has different interpretations and implications at these different time horizons, which also prevail in different disciplines. Social ecology, ecology and engineering are often implicitly focussing on provident, adjustive or reactive resilience, respectively, but these different notions of resilience and their corresponding social, ecological and economic tradeoffs need to be reconciled. Otherwise, we keep risking unintended consequences of reactive actions, or shying away from provident action because of uncertainties that cannot be reduced. The suggested trinity of time horizons and their decision contexts could help ensuring that longer‐term management actions are not missed while urgent threats to ES are given priority.
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在生物多样性生态系统功能研究中重新引入环境变化驱动因素。
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
De Laender, Frederik;Rohr, Jason R.;Ashauer, Roman;Baird, Donald J.;Berger, Uta;Eisenhauer, Nico;Grimm, Volker;Hommen, Udo;Maltby, Lorraine;Melian, Carlos J.;Pomati, Francesco;Roessink, Ivo;Radchuk, Viktoriia;Van den Brink, Paul J.
通讯作者：
Van den Brink, Paul J.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Isaac, Nick J. B.;Brotherton, Peter N. M.;Mace, Georgina M.
通讯作者：
Mace, Georgina M.
社会生态系统研究模型和建模的潜力：参考框架 ModSES
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Schlüter;Müller
通讯作者：
Müller
影响因子：
8.5
作者：
Newton, Adrian C.
通讯作者：
Newton, Adrian C.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Egli, Lukas;Weise, Hanna;Grimm, Volker
通讯作者：
Grimm, Volker