The role of the lateral amygdala in the retrieval and maintenance of fear-memories formed by repeated probabilistic reinforcement.
The role of the lateral amygdala in the retrieval and maintenance of fear-memories formed by repeated probabilistic reinforcement.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00016
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ledoux JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erlich JC;Bush DE;Ledoux JE
杏仁核外侧核(LA)是巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射(一种恐惧和焦虑的动物模型)神经回路中的关键元件。大多数研究集中在LA在恐惧获得和消退中的作用，即神经可塑性是如何通过在中性条件刺激(CS)(例如，音调)和厌恶的无条件刺激(US)(例如，电击)之间的偶然性变化而产生的。然而，在实验室之外，恐惧记忆往往是反复和不可预测的经历的结果。例如家庭暴力、虐待儿童或打架。为了更好地了解LA在重复和不确定强化引起的恐惧表达中的作用，大鼠每周四天进行30%的部分强化(PR)恐惧条件反射，为期四周。第一周后，大鼠达到了条件性恐惧表达的渐近水平。然后，在接下来的三周里，在训练之前，我们每周一次通过药物(或载体)(VEH)输注来操纵LA的活动。LA输注麝香酚(MUSC)，一种抑制神经活动的GABA-A激动剂，将CS诱发的恐惧行为减少到预适应水平。LA输注五肽胃泌素(PENT)，一种CCK激动剂，增加神经兴奋性，导致CS诱发的恐惧行为，持续到CS的抵消。这表明，LA中的神经活动是提取源于重复和不确定强化的恐惧记忆所必需的，LA中的CCK信号在去除引起恐惧的刺激后从恐惧中恢复中起着作用。
The lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is a key element in the neural circuit subserving Pavlovian fear-conditioning, an animal model of fear and anxiety. Most studies have focused on the role of the LA in fear acquisition and extinction, i.e., how neural plasticity results from changing contingencies between a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) (e.g., a tone) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g., a shock). However, outside of the lab, fear-memories are often the result of repeated and unpredictable experiences. Examples include domestic violence, child abuse or combat. To better understand the role of the LA in the expression of fear resulting from repeated and uncertain reinforcement, rats experienced a 30% partial reinforcement (PR) fear-conditioning schedule four days a week for four weeks. Rats reached asymptotic levels of conditioned-fear expression after the first week. We then manipulated LA activity with drug (or vehicle) (VEH) infusions once a week, for the next three weeks, before the training session. LA infusions of muscimol (MUSC), a GABA-A agonist that inhibits neural activity, reduced CS evoked fear-behavior to pre-conditioning levels. LA infusions of pentagastrin (PENT), a cholecystokinin-2 (CCK) agonist that increases neural excitability, resulted in CS-evoked fear-behavior that continued past the offset of the CS. This suggests that neural activity in the LA is required for the retrieval of fear memories that stem from repeated and uncertain reinforcement, and that CCK signaling in the LA plays a role in the recovery from fear after the removal of the fear-evoking stimulus.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
NeuroRx : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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