The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis.
The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0016786
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发表时间：
2009-12
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Gallagher, Patrick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleeson, William;Gallagher, Patrick
人格心理学的一个基本问题是，当人们面对真实的压力和行为的真实的后果时，特质地位是否与他们在行为中实际表现出来的特质有关联，以及关联的程度有多强。这个问题之所以重要，原因之一是人们普遍认为特质不能预测个体的行为，这就导致了一个合理的结论，即特质对研究并不重要。然而，这一结论令人惊讶，因为几乎没有数据表明性状能够预测自然发生的个体代表性行为的分布（而且有许多研究表明性状确实预测特定行为）。本文描述了一项对15项经验抽样研究的荟萃分析，这些研究在8年的时间里进行，收集了超过20，000份关于行为中特质表现的报告。参与者在典型的自我报告问卷中报告了他们的特征，然后在几天内每天多次描述他们当前的行为，因为行为正在发生。结果表明，与预期相反，特质对行为中特质表现的个体差异具有很强的预测力，预测平均水平的相关性在0.42和0.56之间（对于严格限制的研究，接近0.60）。其他几种概括行为中特质表现的方法也可以从特质中预测出来。这些研究提供的证据表明，特质是行为中特质实际表现的有力预测因素。
One of the fundamental questions in personality psychology is whether and how strongly trait standing relates to the traits that people actually manifest in their behavior, when faced with real pressures and real consequences of their actions. One reason this question is fundamental is the common belief that traits do not predict how individuals behave, which leads to the reasonable conclusion that traits are not important to study. However, this conclusion is surprising given that there is almost no data on the ability of traits to predict distributions of naturally occurring, representative behaviors of individuals (and that there are many studies showing that traits do indeed predict specific behaviors). This paper describes a meta-analysis of 15 experience-sampling studies, conducted over the course of eight years, amassing over 20,000 reports of trait manifestation in behavior. Participants reported traits on typical self-report questionnaires, then described their current behavior multiple times per day for several days, as the behavior was occurring. Results showed that traits, contrary to expectations, were strongly predictive of individual differences in trait manifestation in behavior, predicting average levels with correlations between .42 and .56 (approaching .60 for stringently restricted studies). Several other ways of summarizing trait manifestation in behavior were also predicted from traits. These studies provide evidence that traits are powerful predictors of actual manifestation of traits in behavior.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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